Chatbots and Conversational Agents

Chatbots are Artificial Intelligence programs (web-based or using smartphone app/messaging), which are increasingly used in particular for mental health applications (e.g. Depression and Mood Disorders), prevention and Behavior Change applications (such as Smoking Cessation or physical activity interventions). They are based on text-only exchanges between the client and an intelligent software which mimics a coach or therapist.

Related Themes/E-Collections:
ChatGPT and Generative Language Models in Medical Education
Artificial Intelligence
Natural Language Processing

See also: Mobile Health in Psychiatry, mHealth for Wellness, Behavior Change and Prevention, Text-messaging (SMS)-Based Interventions.

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Articles published in 2021 in this theme: 54 (scroll down to load remaining articles)

2021

Improving User Experience of Virtual Health Assistants: Scoping Review

Improving User Experience of Virtual Health Assistants: Scoping Review

Rachel G Curtis, Bethany Bartel, Ty Ferguson, Henry T Blake, Celine Northcott, Rosa Virgara, Carol A Maher

J Med Internet Res 2021 (Dec 21); 23(12):e31737

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Conversational Agent for Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Change: Web-Based Feasibility Study

Conversational Agent for Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Change: Web-Based Feasibility Study

Dhakshenya Ardhithy Dhinagaran, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, AiJia Soong, Yin-Leng Theng, James Best, Lorainne Tudor Car

JMIR Form Res 2021 (Dec 03); 5(12):e27956

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An Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Mobile App for Data Collection in Type A Hemophilia: Design and Usability Study

An Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Mobile App for Data Collection in Type A Hemophilia: Design and Usability Study

Francesco Petracca, Rosaria Tempre, Maria Cucciniello, Oriana Ciani, Elena Pompeo, Luigi Sannino, Valeria Lovato, Giancarlo Castaman, Alessandra Ghirardini, Rosanna Tarricone

JMIR Form Res 2021 (Dec 01); 5(12):e25071

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Chatbot for Health Care and Oncology Applications Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Systematic Review

Chatbot for Health Care and Oncology Applications Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Systematic Review

Lu Xu, Leslie Sanders, Kay Li, James C L Chow

JMIR Cancer 2021 (Nov 29); 7(4):e27850

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Feasibility, Usability, and Effectiveness of a Machine Learning–Based Physical Activity Chatbot: Quasi-Experimental Study

Feasibility, Usability, and Effectiveness of a Machine Learning–Based Physical Activity Chatbot: Quasi-Experimental Study

Quyen G To, Chelsea Green, Corneel Vandelanotte

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021 (Nov 26); 9(11):e28577

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Effects of Emotional Expressiveness of a Female Digital Human on Loneliness, Stress, Perceived Support, and Closeness Across Genders: Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Emotional Expressiveness of a Female Digital Human on Loneliness, Stress, Perceived Support, and Closeness Across Genders: Randomized Controlled Trial

Kate Loveys, Mark Sagar, Xueyuan Zhang, Gregory Fricchione, Elizabeth Broadbent

J Med Internet Res 2021 (Nov 25); 23(11):e30624

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Patient Interactions With an Automated Conversational Agent Delivering Pretest Genetics Education: Descriptive Study

Patient Interactions With an Automated Conversational Agent Delivering Pretest Genetics Education: Descriptive Study

Daniel Chavez-Yenter, Kadyn E Kimball, Wendy Kohlmann, Rachelle Lorenz Chambers, Richard L Bradshaw, Whitney F Espinel, Michael Flynn, Amanda Gammon, Eric Goldberg, Kelsi J Hagerty, Rachel Hess, Cecilia Kessler, Rachel Monahan, Danielle Temares, Katie Tobik, Devin M Mann, Kensaku Kawamoto, Guilherme Del Fiol, Saundra S Buys, Ophira Ginsburg, Kimberly A Kaphingst

J Med Internet Res 2021 (Nov 18); 23(11):e29447

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Formative Study of Mobile Phone Use for Family Planning Among Young People in Sierra Leone: Global Systematic Survey

Formative Study of Mobile Phone Use for Family Planning Among Young People in Sierra Leone: Global Systematic Survey

Emeka Chukwu, Sonia Gilroy, Kojo Addaquay, Nki Nafisa Jones, Victor Gbadia Karimu, Lalit Garg, Kim Eva Dickson

JMIR Form Res 2021 (Nov 12); 5(11):e23874

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Public Perceptions of Diabetes, Healthy Living, and Conversational Agents in Singapore: Needs Assessment

Public Perceptions of Diabetes, Healthy Living, and Conversational Agents in Singapore: Needs Assessment

Dhakshenya Ardhithy Dhinagaran, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Tobias Kowatsch, Konstadina Griva, James Donovan Best, Lorainne Tudor Car

JMIR Form Res 2021 (Nov 11); 5(11):e30435

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Acceptance of an Informational Antituberculosis Chatbot Among Korean Adults: Mixed Methods Research

Acceptance of an Informational Antituberculosis Chatbot Among Korean Adults: Mixed Methods Research

Agnes Jihae Kim, Jisun Yang, Yihyun Jang, Joon Sang Baek

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021 (Nov 09); 9(11):e26424

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Mitigating Patient and Consumer Safety Risks When Using Conversational Assistants for Medical Information: Exploratory Mixed Methods Experiment

Mitigating Patient and Consumer Safety Risks When Using Conversational Assistants for Medical Information: Exploratory Mixed Methods Experiment

Timothy W Bickmore, Stefán Ólafsson, Teresa K O'Leary

J Med Internet Res 2021 (Nov 09); 23(11):e30704

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A Digital Human for Delivering a Remote Loneliness and Stress Intervention to At-Risk Younger and Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Pilot Trial

A Digital Human for Delivering a Remote Loneliness and Stress Intervention to At-Risk Younger and Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Pilot Trial

Kate Loveys, Mark Sagar, Isabella Pickering, Elizabeth Broadbent

JMIR Ment Health 2021 (Nov 08); 8(11):e31586

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An Embodied Conversational Agent in an eHealth Self-management Intervention for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure: Exploratory Study in a Real-life Setting

An Embodied Conversational Agent in an eHealth Self-management Intervention for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure: Exploratory Study in a Real-life Setting

Silke ter Stal, Joanne Sloots, Aniel Ramlal, Harm op den Akker, Anke Lenferink, Monique Tabak

JMIR Hum Factors 2021 (Nov 04); 8(4):e24110

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The Impact of Explanations on Layperson Trust in Artificial Intelligence–Driven Symptom Checker Apps: Experimental Study

The Impact of Explanations on Layperson Trust in Artificial Intelligence–Driven Symptom Checker Apps: Experimental Study

Claire Woodcock, Brent Mittelstadt, Dan Busbridge, Grant Blank

J Med Internet Res 2021 (Nov 03); 23(11):e29386

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A Chatbot to Engage Parents of Preterm and Term Infants on Parental Stress, Parental Sleep, and Infant Feeding: Usability and Feasibility Study

A Chatbot to Engage Parents of Preterm and Term Infants on Parental Stress, Parental Sleep, and Infant Feeding: Usability and Feasibility Study

Jill Wong, Agathe C Foussat, Steven Ting, Enzo Acerbi, Ruurd M van Elburg, Chua Mei Chien

JMIR Pediatr Parent 2021 (Oct 26); 4(4):e30169

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A Human, Organization, and Technology Perspective on Patients’ Experiences of a Chat-Based and Automated Medical History–Taking Service in Primary Health Care: Interview Study Among Primary Care Patients

A Human, Organization, and Technology Perspective on Patients’ Experiences of a Chat-Based and Automated Medical History–Taking Service in Primary Health Care: Interview Study Among Primary Care Patients

Evalill Nilsson, Annette Sverker, Preben Bendtsen, Ann Catrine Eldh

J Med Internet Res 2021 (Oct 18); 23(10):e29868

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Identifying and Responding to Health Misinformation on Reddit Dermatology Forums With Artificially Intelligent Bots Using Natural Language Processing: Design and Evaluation Study

Identifying and Responding to Health Misinformation on Reddit Dermatology Forums With Artificially Intelligent Bots Using Natural Language Processing: Design and Evaluation Study

Monique A Sager, Aditya M Kashyap, Mila Tamminga, Sadhana Ravoori, Christopher Callison-Burch, Jules B Lipoff

JMIR Dermatol 2021 (Sep 30); 4(2):e20975

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Development, Feasibility, Acceptability, and Utility of an Expressive Speech-Enabled Digital Health Agent to Deliver Online, Brief Motivational Interviewing for Alcohol Misuse: Descriptive Study

Development, Feasibility, Acceptability, and Utility of an Expressive Speech-Enabled Digital Health Agent to Deliver Online, Brief Motivational Interviewing for Alcohol Misuse: Descriptive Study

Maya Boustani, Stephanie Lunn, Ubbo Visser, Christine Lisetti

J Med Internet Res 2021 (Sep 29); 23(9):e25837

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Effects of an Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Health Program on Workers With Neck/Shoulder Pain/Stiffness and Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of an Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Health Program on Workers With Neck/Shoulder Pain/Stiffness and Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial

Tomomi Anan, Shigeyuki Kajiki, Hiroyuki Oka, Tomoko Fujii, Kayo Kawamata, Koji Mori, Ko Matsudaira

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021 (Sep 24); 9(9):e27535

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Chloe for COVID-19: Evolution of an Intelligent Conversational Agent to Address Infodemic Management Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Chloe for COVID-19: Evolution of an Intelligent Conversational Agent to Address Infodemic Management Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sophia Siedlikowski, Louis-Philippe Noël, Stephanie Anne Moynihan, Marc Robin

J Med Internet Res 2021 (Sep 21); 23(9):e27283

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