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Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/90692, first published .
Doctor and patient discussing medical data on laptop screens in a clinic.

Fine-Tuning, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, and Hybrid Large Language Models for Postoperative Decision Support: Comparative Analysis

Fine-Tuning, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, and Hybrid Large Language Models for Postoperative Decision Support: Comparative Analysis

Srinivasagam Prabha   1 , PhD ;   Bernardo Gabriele Collaco   1 , MD ;   Cesar Abraham Gomez-Cabello   1 , MD ;   Syed Ali Haider   1 , MBBS ;   Ariana Genovese   1 , BS ;   Zhihui Fang   2 , MS ;   Nadia Wood   3 , MS ;   Sanjay Bagaria   4 , MD ;   Cui Tao   5 , PhD ;   Antonio Jorge Forte   1, 5, 6 , MD, PhD

1 Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States

2 Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States

3 Department of Radiology AI IT, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States

4 Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States

5 Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States

6 Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States

Corresponding Author:

  • Antonio Jorge Forte, MD, PhD
  • Division of Plastic Surgery
  • Mayo Clinic in Florida
  • 4500 San Pablo Road South
  • Jacksonville, FL 32224
  • United States
  • Phone: 1 904-953-2000
  • Email: ajvforte@yahoo.com.br