Evaluation of the Current State of Chatbots for Digital Health: Scoping Review

Jia Xue   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Bolun Zhang   ^{2, 3} , MA, MI ;   Yaxi Zhao   ^{2, 3 *} , MA ;   Qiaoru Zhang   ^{3, 4 *} , BA ;   Chengda Zheng   ^{3 *} , MI ;   Jielin Jiang   ^{3 *} , MI ;   Hanjia Li   ³ , MMST ;   Nian Liu   ³ , MI ;   Ziqian Li   ³ , MI ;   Weiying Fu   ³ , MI ;   Yingdong Peng   ³ , MI ;   Judith Logan   ⁵ , MA, MLiS ;   Jingwen Zhang   ⁶ , PhD ;   Xiaoling Xiang   ⁷ , PhD

¹ Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

² Faculty of Information, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

³ Artificial Intelligence for Justice Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁴ Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁵ John P Robarts Library, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁶ Department of Communication, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States

⁷ School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

*these authors contributed equally