Using Social Media to Help Understand Patient-Reported Health Outcomes of Post–COVID-19 Condition: Natural Language Processing Approach

Elham Dolatabadi   ^{1, 2, 3} , BSc, MSc, PhD ;   Diana Moyano   ² , BBA, MMAI ;   Michael Bales   ⁴ , BASc, BSc, MBA ;   Sofija Spasojevic   ⁴ , BSc, MSc, PhD ;   Rohan Bhambhoria   ⁵ , BTech, MEng, PhD ;   Junaid Bhatti   ⁶ , MSc, PhD ;   Shyamolima Debnath   ⁷ , BSc, MSc ;   Nicholas Hoell   ⁷ , BA, PhD ;   Xin Li   ³ , BASc ;   Celine Leng   ⁴ , BBA ;   Sasha Nanda   ⁷ , MSc ;   Jad Saab   ⁸ , BACS, MSc ;   Esmat Sahak   ³ , BASc ;   Fanny Sie   ⁴ , BSc, MMI ;   Sara Uppal   ⁸ , BEng, MSc ;   Nirma Khatri Vadlamudi   ⁹ , MPH, PhD ;   Antoaneta Vladimirova   ¹⁰ , MSc, PhD ;   Artur Yakimovich   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Xiaoxue Yang   ⁷ , HBSc, MSc ;   Sedef Akinli Kocak   ² , BS, MSc, PhD ;   Angela M Cheung   ^{3, 12} , BA, MD, PhD

¹ Faculty of Health, School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

² Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada

³ Department of Medicine and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁴ Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁵ Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada

⁶ Manulife, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁷ Deloitte, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁸ TELUS Health, Montreal, QC, Canada

⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

¹⁰ Roche Information Solutions, San Francisco, CA, United States

¹¹ Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Munich, Germany

¹² University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada