Journal of Medical Internet Research

Daily preferences are a reflection of how adults wish to have their needs and values addressed, contributing to joy and satisfaction in their daily lives. Clinical settings often regard older adults as a uniform group, neglecting the diversity within this population, which results in a shortfall of person-centered care that overlooks their distinct daily care preferences. At the heart of person-centered care lies the imperative to comprehend and integrate these preferences into the care process. Recognizing and addressing gender differences in older adults is critical to customizing care plans, thereby optimizing quality of life and well-being for individuals. This study addresses the need to understand the diverse daily care preferences of adults, particularly among older populations, who represent a growing demographic with unique needs and interests.

Over the last 25 years, digital health interventions in low- and middle-income countries have undergone substantial transformations propelled by technological advancements, increased internet accessibility, and a deeper appreciation of the benefits of digital tools in enhancing health care availability.

Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, threatens human health and biodiversity. While the digitalization of health care, including telemedicine and artificial intelligence, offers sustainability benefits, it also raises concerns about energy use and electronic waste. Balancing these factors is key to a sustainable health care future.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) holds substantial potential to alter diagnostics and treatment in health care settings. However, public attitudes toward AI, including trust and risk perception, are key to its ethical and effective adoption. Despite growing interest, empirical research on the factors shaping public support for AI in health care (particularly in large-scale, representative contexts) remains limited.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer. It has a significant impact on global public health, with low- and middle-income countries, including India, facing the highest burden. In 2022, India reported 127,526 new cases and 79,906 deaths due to cervical cancer, projected to increase by 61% by 2040. Although the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI) recommended the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer prevention, it is yet to be a part of India's universal immunization program.

Digital therapeutics (DTx) are software-driven interventions that provide personalized, evidence-based treatments for various medical conditions. China’s rapid technological adoption, large population, and supportive government policies position it as a potential global leader in DTx. However, challenges remain in clinical trial standardization, regulatory approval, product development, and reimbursement models. A comprehensive assessment of clinical evidence, commercialization trends, and regulatory frameworks is essential for understanding China’s evolving DTx ecosystem and its global implications.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of preeclampsia. FGR in patients with preeclampsia increases the risk of neonatal-perinatal mortality and morbidity. However, previous prediction methods for FGR are class-biased or clinically unexplainable, which makes it difficult to apply to clinical practice, leading to a relative delay in intervention and a lack of effective treatments.

Assessment of cognitive decline in the earliest stages of Alzheimer disease (AD) is important but challenging. AD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual cognitive decline. Disease stages range from preclinical AD, in which individuals are cognitively unimpaired, to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Digital technologies promise to enable detection of early, subtle cognitive changes. Although the field of digital cognitive biomarkers is rapidly evolving, a comprehensive overview of the reporting of psychometric properties (ie, validity, reliability, responsiveness, and clinical meaningfulness) is missing. Insight into the extent to which these properties are evaluated is needed to identify the validation steps toward implementation.

Potentially inappropriate prescribing in outpatient care contributes to adverse outcomes and health care inefficiencies. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) offer promising solutions, but their effectiveness is often constrained by incomplete medical records.

Hispanic communities have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to elevated health risks and burdens, these populations have faced persistent barriers to accessing accurate, timely information regarding the pandemic’s trajectory, including vaccine-related updates. To address these challenges, it is crucial to examine the conditions under which Hispanics are most likely to seek information about COVID-19 vaccinations.

Clinical operative skills training is a critical component of preclinical education for dental students. Although technology-assisted instruction, such as virtual reality and simulators, is increasingly being integrated, direct guidance from instructors remains the cornerstone of skill development. ChatGPT, an advanced conversational artificial intelligence model developed by OpenAI, is gradually being used in medical education.

Rigorous evaluation of generalist medical AI (GMAI) is imperative to ensure their utility and safety before implementation in health care. Current evaluation strategies rely heavily on benchmarks which can suffer from issues with data contamination and cannot explain how GMAI might fail (lacking explanatory power) or in what circumstances (lacking predictive power). To address these limitations we propose a new methodology to improve the quality of GMAI evaluation using construct-oriented processes. Drawing on modern psychometric techniques, we introduce approaches to construct identification and present alternative assessment formats for different domains of professional skills, knowledge, and behaviours that are essential for safe practice. We also discuss the need for human oversight in future GMAI adoption.