Mass Casualty Incident Training in Immersive Virtual Reality: Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Multimethod Performance Indicators

Anke Sabine Baetzner   ¹ , MSc ;   Yannick Hill   ^{2, 3, 4} , PhD ;   Benjamin Roszipal   ⁵ , MMS ;   Solène Gerwann   ¹ , MSc ;   Matthias Beutel   ¹ , MSc ;   Tanja Birrenbach   ⁶ , Dr Med, PD ;   Markus Karlseder   ⁵ , MA ;   Stefan Mohr   ^{7, 8} , Dr Med ;   Gabriel Alexander Salg   ^{7, 9} , Dr Med ;   Helmut Schrom-Feiertag   ¹⁰ , MSc ;   Marie Ottilie Frenkel   ^{1, 11} , Prof Dr ;   Cornelia Wrzus   ¹² , Prof Dr

¹ Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

² Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

³ Institute of Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

⁴ Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States

⁵ MindConsole GmbH, Graz, Austria

⁶ Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

⁷ Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

⁸ Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

⁹ General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

¹⁰ AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria

¹¹ Psychology in Health Care, Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Furtwangen University, Freiburg, Germany

¹² Psychological Institute and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany