A Web-Based Calculator to Predict Early Death Among Patients With Bone Metastasis Using Machine Learning Techniques: Development and Validation Study

Mingxing Lei   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , MD ;   Bing Wu   ^{1, 4 *} , MD ;   Zhicheng Zhang   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Yong Qin   ^{5 *} , MD ;   Xuyong Cao   ¹ , MD ;   Yuncen Cao   ¹ , MBSS ;   Baoge Liu   ⁶ , MD ;   Xiuyun Su   ⁷ , MD ;   Yaosheng Liu   ^{1, 8, 9} , MD

¹ Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

² Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan, China

³ Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China

⁴ Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

⁵ Department of Joint and Sports Medicine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China

⁶ Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

⁷ Intelligent Medical Innovation institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China

⁸ Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

⁹ National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

*these authors contributed equally