This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Artificial Intelligence (1740) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (633) Epublishing and Open Access (98) Digital Science, Open Science (85) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (497)

Published on in Vol 25 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/46924, first published .
Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora’s Box Has Been Opened

Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora’s Box Has Been Opened

Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora’s Box Has Been Opened

Authors of this article:

Martin Májovský1 Author Orcid Image ;   Martin Černý1 Author Orcid Image ;   Matěj Kasal2 Author Orcid Image ;   Martin Komarc3, 4 Author Orcid Image ;   David Netuka1 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (141) Tweetations (119) Metrics

Journals

  1. Ballester P. Open Science and Software Assistance: Commentary on “Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora’s Box Has Been Opened”. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e49323 View
  2. Bignami E, Montomoli J, Bellini V, Cascella M. Uncovering the power of synergy: a hybrid human–machine model for maximizing AI properties and human expertise. Critical Care 2023;27(1) View
  3. Leung T, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Mavragani A, Eysenbach G. Best Practices for Using AI Tools as an Author, Peer Reviewer, or Editor. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e51584 View
  4. Hu J, Liu F, Chu C, Chang Y. Health Care Trainees’ and Professionals’ Perceptions of ChatGPT in Improving Medical Knowledge Training: Rapid Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e49385 View
  5. Moise A, Centomo-Bozzo A, Orishchak O, Alnoury M, Daniel S. Can ChatGPT Guide Parents on Tympanostomy Tube Insertion?. Children 2023;10(10):1634 View
  6. Lombardo R, Cicione A, Santoro G, De Nunzio C. ChatGPT in prostate cancer: myth or reality?. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 2024;27(1):9 View
  7. Velásquez-Henao J, Franco-Cardona C, Cadavid-Higuita L. Prompt Engineering: a methodology for optimizing interactions with AI-Language Models in the field of engineering. DYNA 2023;90(230):9 View
  8. Li W, Lu W, Gong Z. Harnessing the Potential of ChatGPT in Breast Reconstruction: A Revolution in Patient Communication and Education. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2024;48(1):35 View
  9. Liu N, Brown A. AI Increases the Pressure to Overhaul the Scientific Peer Review Process. Comment on “Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora’s Box Has Been Opened”. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e50591 View
  10. Kuroiwa T, Sarcon A, Ibara T, Yamada E, Yamamoto A, Tsukamoto K, Fujita K. The Potential of ChatGPT as a Self-Diagnostic Tool in Common Orthopedic Diseases: Exploratory Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e47621 View
  11. Lozić E, Štular B. Fluent but Not Factual: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Other AI Chatbots’ Proficiency and Originality in Scientific Writing for Humanities. Future Internet 2023;15(10):336 View
  12. Odri G, Yoon D. Détection d’intelligence artificielle générative dans les articles scientifiques : techniques d’évasion et implications pour l’intégrité scientifique. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 2023;109(8):1103 View
  13. Hussein S, Khalifa A. Artificial intelligence (AI) and ChatGPT involvement in orthopaedic research activities, the good, the bad, and the Ugly. Egyptian Orthopaedic Journal 2023;58(3):149 View
  14. Relf M. Artificial Intelligence and Scientific Publishing. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2023;34(4):329 View
  15. Hwang S, Lim J, Lee R, Matsui Y, Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Ahn H. Is ChatGPT a “Fire of Prometheus” for Non-Native English-Speaking Researchers in Academic Writing?. Korean Journal of Radiology 2023;24(10):952 View
  16. Rigberg D, Jim J. Considerations for the application of artificial intelligence in vascular surgical education. Seminars in Vascular Surgery 2023;36(3):471 View
  17. Taloni A, Scorcia V, Giannaccare G. Modern threats in academia: evaluating plagiarism and artificial intelligence detection scores of ChatGPT. Eye 2024;38(2):397 View
  18. Májovský M, Mikolov T, Netuka D. AI Is Changing the Landscape of Academic Writing: What Can Be Done? Authors’ Reply to: AI Increases the Pressure to Overhaul the Scientific Peer Review Process. Comment on “Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora’s Box Has Been Opened”. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e50844 View
  19. Jacques T, Sleiman R, Diaz M, Dartus J. Artificial intelligence: Emergence and possible fraudulent use in medical publishing. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research 2023;109(8):103709 View
  20. Jacques T, Sleiman R, Diaz M, Dartus J. Intelligence artificielle : émergence et possible utilisation frauduleuse dans l’édition médicale. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 2023;109(8):1081 View
  21. Ahaley S, Pandey A, Juneja S, Gupta T, Vijayakumar S. ChatGPT in medical writing: A game-changer or a gimmick?. Perspectives in Clinical Research 2024;15(4):165 View
  22. Hernandez C, Vazquez Gonzalez A, Polianovskaia A, Amoro Sanchez R, Muyolema Arce V, Mustafa A, Vypritskaya E, Perez Gutierrez O, Bashir M, Eighaei Sedeh A. The Future of Patient Education: AI-Driven Guide for Type 2 Diabetes. Cureus 2023 View
  23. Sallam M, Barakat M, Sallam M. Pilot Testing of a Tool to Standardize the Assessment of the Quality of Health Information Generated by Artificial Intelligence-Based Models. Cureus 2023 View
  24. Wiecha P. Deep learning for nano-photonic materials – The solution to everything!?. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 2024;28:101129 View
  25. Blacker S, Kang M, Chakraborty I, Chowdhury T, Williams J, Lewis C, Zimmer M, Wilson B, Lele A. Utilizing Artificial Intelligence and Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer to Answer Questions About Clinical Scenarios in Neuroanesthesiology. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 2024;36(4):346 View
  26. Krausman P, Knipps A. The valuable role of referees. The Journal of Wildlife Management 2024;88(2) View
  27. Cheng S, Tsai S, Bai Y, Ko C, Hsu C, Yang F, Tsai C, Tu Y, Yang S, Tseng P, Hsu T, Liang C, Su K. Comparisons of Quality, Correctness, and Similarity Between ChatGPT-Generated and Human-Written Abstracts for Basic Research: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e51229 View
  28. Tangadulrat P, Sono S, Tangtrakulwanich B. Using ChatGPT for Clinical Practice and Medical Education: Cross-Sectional Survey of Medical Students’ and Physicians’ Perceptions. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50658 View
  29. Sethuraman K. Best Practices for the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Authors, Peer Reviewers, and Editors. International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research 2023;10(2):61 View
  30. Khalifa A, Ibrahim M. Artificial intelligence (AI) and ChatGPT involvement in scientific and medical writing, a new concern for researchers. A scoping review. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research 2024;42(4):1770 View
  31. Inam M, Sheikh S, Minhas A, Vaughan E, Krittanawong C, Samad Z, Lavie C, Khoja A, D'Cruze M, Slipczuk L, Alarakhiya F, Naseem A, Haider A, Virani S. A review of top cardiology and cardiovascular medicine journal guidelines regarding the use of generative artificial intelligence tools in scientific writing. Current Problems in Cardiology 2024;49(3):102387 View
  32. Yang Z, Wu J, Xie H. Taming Frankenstein’s monster: Ethical considerations relating to generative artificial intelligence in education. Asia Pacific Journal of Education 2024:1 View
  33. Siegel M, Rossi M, Lubowitz J. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning May Resolve Health Care Information Overload. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2024 View
  34. Hatia A, Doldo T, Parrini S, Chisci E, Cipriani L, Montagna L, Lagana G, Guenza G, Agosta E, Vinjolli F, Hoxha M, D’Amelio C, Favaretto N, Chisci G. Accuracy and Completeness of ChatGPT-Generated Information on Interceptive Orthodontics: A Multicenter Collaborative Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024;13(3):735 View
  35. Almagazzachi A, Mustafa A, Eighaei Sedeh A, Vazquez Gonzalez A, Polianovskaia A, Abood M, Abdelrahman A, Muyolema Arce V, Acob T, Saleem B. Generative Artificial Intelligence in Patient Education: ChatGPT Takes on Hypertension Questions. Cureus 2024 View
  36. Hwang T, Aggarwal N, Khan P, Roberts T, Mahmood A, Griffiths M, Parsons N, Khan S, Mizuno T. Can ChatGPT assist authors with abstract writing in medical journals? Evaluating the quality of scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT and original abstracts. PLOS ONE 2024;19(2):e0297701 View
  37. Narula P, Deoghare R. Evaluation of ChatGPT responses for back pain?. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 2024;34(3):1737 View
  38. Yan C, Grabowska M, Dickson A, Li B, Wen Z, Roden D, Michael Stein C, Embí P, Peterson J, Feng Q, Malin B, Wei W. Leveraging generative AI to prioritize drug repurposing candidates for Alzheimer’s disease with real-world clinical validation. npj Digital Medicine 2024;7(1) View
  39. Smyk W, Adrych K, Krawczyk M. Artificial replication cohort: Leveraging AI‐fabricated data for genetic studies. Liver International 2024;44(6):1286 View
  40. Khalifa M, Albadawy M. Using artificial intelligence in academic writing and research: An essential productivity tool. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update 2024;5:100145 View
  41. Riestra-Ayora J, Vaduva C, Esteban-Sánchez J, Garrote-Garrote M, Fernández-Navarro C, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Martin-Sanz E. ChatGPT as an information tool in rhinology. Can we trust each other today?. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2024;281(6):3253 View
  42. Kim J, Um R, Lee J, Ajilore O. Generative AI can fabricate advanced scientific visualizations: ethical implications and strategic mitigation framework. AI and Ethics 2024 View
  43. Odri G, Ji Yun Yoon D. Detecting generative artificial intelligence in scientific articles: Evasion techniques and implications for scientific integrity. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research 2023;109(8):103706 View
  44. Nato C, Bilotta F. Fraud in Medical Publications. Anesthesiology Clinics 2024;42(4):607 View
  45. Parekh A, McCahon J, Nghe A, Pedowitz D, Daniel J, Parekh S. Foot and Ankle Patient Education Materials and Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: A Comparative Analysis. Foot & Ankle Specialist 2024 View
  46. Sogi G. Decipher the Cipher. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2024;15(1):1 View
  47. Menz B, Kuderer N, Bacchi S, Modi N, Chin-Yee B, Hu T, Rickard C, Haseloff M, Vitry A, McKinnon R, Kichenadasse G, Rowland A, Sorich M, Hopkins A. Current safeguards, risk mitigation, and transparency measures of large language models against the generation of health disinformation: repeated cross sectional analysis. BMJ 2024:e078538 View
  48. Huang Y, Wu R, He J, Xiang Y. Evaluating ChatGPT-4.0’s data analytic proficiency in epidemiological studies: A comparative analysis with SAS, SPSS, and R. Journal of Global Health 2024;14 View
  49. Moise A, Centomo-Bozzo A, Orishchak O, Alnoury M, Daniel S. Can ChatGPT Replace an Otolaryngologist in Guiding Parents on Tonsillectomy?. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 2024 View
  50. Spotnitz M, Idnay B, Gordon E, Shyu R, Zhang G, Liu C, Cimino J, Weng C. A Survey of Clinicians' Views of the Utility of Large Language Models. Applied Clinical Informatics 2024;15(02):306 View
  51. Arora S, Jariwala S, Balsari S. Artificial intelligence in medicine: A primer and recommendation. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2024;19(12):1197 View
  52. Safrai M, Orwig K. Utilizing artificial intelligence in academic writing: an in-depth evaluation of a scientific review on fertility preservation written by ChatGPT-4. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 2024;41(7):1871 View
  53. Shieh A, Tran B, He G, Kumar M, Freed J, Majety P. Assessing ChatGPT 4.0’s test performance and clinical diagnostic accuracy on USMLE STEP 2 CK and clinical case reports. Scientific Reports 2024;14(1) View
  54. Quttainah M, Mishra V, Madakam S, Lurie Y, Mark S. Cost, Usability, Credibility, Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, and Explainability Framework for Safe and Effective Large Language Models in Medical Education: Narrative Review and Qualitative Study. JMIR AI 2024;3:e51834 View
  55. Roberts L. Addressing the Novel Implications of Generative AI for Academic Publishing, Education, and Research. Academic Medicine 2024;99(5):471 View
  56. de Winter J, Dodou D, Eisma Y. Personality and acceptance as predictors of ChatGPT use. Discover Psychology 2024;4(1) View
  57. Naqvi W, Shaikh S, Mishra G. Large language models in physical therapy: time to adapt and adept. Frontiers in Public Health 2024;12 View
  58. Di Sarno L, Caroselli A, Tonin G, Graglia B, Pansini V, Causio F, Gatto A, Chiaretti A. Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2024;12(6):1220 View
  59. Howard F, Li A, Riffon M, Garrett-Mayer E, Pearson A. Characterizing the Increase in Artificial Intelligence Content Detection in Oncology Scientific Abstracts From 2021 to 2023. JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics 2024;(8) View
  60. Le Lagadec D, Jackson D, Cleary M. Artificial intelligence in nursing education: Prospects and pitfalls. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2024;80(10):3883 View
  61. Tan S, Xin X, Wu D. ChatGPT in medicine: prospects and challenges: a review article. International Journal of Surgery 2024;110(6):3701 View
  62. Evans W, Bardus M, French J. A Vision of the Future: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Strategic Social Marketing. Businesses 2024;4(2):196 View
  63. Smith A, Jacquez E, Argintar E. Assessing the Efficacy of an AI-Powered Chatbot (ChatGPT) in Providing Information on Orthopedic Surgeries: A Comparative Study With Expert Opinion. Cureus 2024 View
  64. Kim H, Yang J, Chang D, Lenke L, Pizones J, Castelein R, Watanabe K, Trobisch P, Mundis Jr G, Suh S, Suk S. Assessing the Reproducibility of the Structured Abstracts Generated by ChatGPT and Bard Compared to Human-Written Abstracts in the Field of Spine Surgery: Comparative Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e52001 View
  65. Akyon S, Akyon F, Camyar A, Hızlı F, Sari T, Hızlı Ş. Evaluating the Capabilities of Generative AI Tools in Understanding Medical Papers: Qualitative Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e59258 View
  66. Stevens E, Laynor G. Enhancing the quality and efficiency of regulatory science literature reviews through innovation and collaboration with library and information science experts. Frontiers in Medicine 2024;11 View
  67. Shang L, Li R, Xue M, Guo Q, Hou Y. Evaluating the application of ChatGPT in China’s residency training education: An exploratory study. Medical Teacher 2025;47(5):858 View
  68. Cano-Marin E. transformative potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in business. ESIC Market 2024;55(2):e333 View
  69. . AI’s Bipolar Effect on Mitigating and Motivating Frauds. Recent trends in Management and Commerce 2024;5(2):14 View
  70. Trail G, Kim A, Bang H, Braunstein-Minkove J. Ethics in quantitative sport management research: the impact of AI. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 2024;25(5):1147 View
  71. Chen C, Shu K. Combating misinformation in the age of LLMs: Opportunities and challenges. AI Magazine 2024;45(3):354 View
  72. Wascher D, Ollivier M. Large Language Models in Orthopaedic Publications: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2024;52(9):2193 View
  73. Kumar P, Cotter K, Cabrera L. Taking Responsibility for Meaning and Mattering: An Agential Realist Approach to Generative AI and Literacy. Reading Research Quarterly 2024;59(4):570 View
  74. Hsu T, Tseng P, Tsai S, Ko C, Thompson T, Hsu C, Yang F, Tsai C, Tu Y, Yang S, Liang C, Su K. Quality and correctness of AI-generated versus human-written abstracts in psychiatric research papers. Psychiatry Research 2024;341:116145 View
  75. Samala A, Rawas S, Wang T, Reed J, Kim J, Howard N, Ertz M. Unveiling the landscape of generative artificial intelligence in education: a comprehensive taxonomy of applications, challenges, and future prospects. Education and Information Technologies 2025;30(3):3239 View
  76. Alfirevic Z, Weeks J. Trustworthiness assessment of published clinical trials: Literature review of domains and questions. Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods 2024;2(8) View
  77. Arumugam B, Murugan A, S. K, Rajamanickam S. The Syntax of Smart Writing: Artificial Intelligence Unveiled. International Journal of Preventative & Evidence Based Medicine 2024:1 View
  78. . Large Language Models in Orthopaedic Publications: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2024;12(8) View
  79. Fiedler A, Zhang K, Lal T, Jiang X, Fraser S. Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Pediatric Stroke Research: A Pilot Study. Pediatric Neurology 2024;160:54 View
  80. Castillo-Martínez I, Flores-Bueno D, Gómez-Puente S, Vite-León V. AI in higher education: a systematic literature review. Frontiers in Education 2024;9 View
  81. Fornalik M, Makuch M, Lemanska A, Moska S, Wiczewska M, Anderko I, Stochaj L, Szczygiel M, Zielińska A. Rise of the machines: trends and challenges of implementing AI in biomedical scientific writing. Exploration of Digital Health Technologies 2024;2(5):235 View
  82. Yu H, Fan L, Li L, Zhou J, Ma Z, Xian L, Hua W, He S, Jin M, Zhang Y, Gandhi A, Ma X. Large Language Models in Biomedical and Health Informatics: A Review with Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research 2024;8(4):658 View
  83. Ahn S. The transformative impact of large language models on medical writing and publishing: current applications, challenges and future directions. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2024;28(5):393 View
  84. Silva G, Khera R, Schwamm L. Reviewer Experience Detecting and Judging Human Versus Artificial Intelligence Content: The Stroke Journal Essay Contest. Stroke 2024;55(10):2573 View
  85. Murali M, Wiles M. Large language models and artificial intelligence: the coming storm for academia. Anaesthesia 2025;80(3):238 View
  86. Bernal-García M. Inteligencia Artificial en la escritura científica. Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá 2023;10(2):13 View
  87. Lei F, Du L, Dong M, Liu X. Global retractions due to randomly generated content: Characterization and trends. Scientometrics 2024;129(12):7943 View
  88. Morreale M, Balon R, Beresin E, Seritan A, Castillo E, Thomas L, Louie A, Aggarwal R, Guerrero A, Coverdale J, Brenner A. Artificial Intelligence and Medical Education, Academic Writing, and Journal Policies: A Focus on Large Language Models. Academic Psychiatry 2025;49(1):5 View
  89. De Clercq D, Nehring E, Mayne H, Mahdi A. Large language models can help boost food production, but be mindful of their risks. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024;7 View
  90. Beard K, Pennington A, Gauff A, Mitchell K, Smith J, Marion D. Potential Applications and Ethical Considerations for Artificial Intelligence in Traumatic Brain Injury Management. Biomedicines 2024;12(11):2459 View
  91. Shahrul A, Syed Mohamed A. A Comparative Evaluation of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) and ChatGPT-4 in Statistical Analyses. Cureus 2024 View
  92. Chein J, Martinez S, Barone A. Human intelligence can safeguard against artificial intelligence: individual differences in the discernment of human from AI texts. Scientific Reports 2024;14(1) View
  93. Joshi S, Ha E, Amaya A, Mendoza M, Rivera Y, Singh V. Ensuring Accuracy and Equity in Vaccination Information From ChatGPT and CDC: Mixed-Methods Cross-Language Evaluation. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e60939 View
  94. Wang D, Liang J, Ye J, Li J, Li J, Zhang Q, Hu Q, Pan C, Wang D, Liu Z, Shi W, Shi D, Li F, Qu B, Zheng Y. Enhancement of the Performance of Large Language Models in Diabetes Education through Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Comparative Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e58041 View
  95. Hayat J, Lari M, AlHerz M, Lari A. The Utility and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence-Powered Chatbots in Healthcare. Cureus 2024 View
  96. Mistry K, Merrick S, Cabecinha M, Daniels S, Ragan J, Epstein M, Lever L, Venables Z, Levell N. Fraudulent Participation in Online Qualitative Studies: Practical Recommendations on an Emerging Phenomenon. Qualitative Health Research 2024 View
  97. Gosak L, Štiglic G, Pruinelli L, Vrbnjak D. PICOT questions and search strategies formulation: A novel approach using artificial intelligence automation. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 2025;57(1):5 View
  98. Patil A, Serrato P, Chisvo N, Arnaout O, See P, Huang K. Large language models in neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurochirurgica 2024;166(1) View
  99. Monib W, Qazi A, Apong R, Azizan M, De Silva L, Yassin H. Generative AI and future education: a review, theoretical validation, and authors’ perspective on challenges and solutions. PeerJ Computer Science 2024;10:e2105 View
  100. Comas‐Forgas R, Koulouris A, Kouis D. ‘AI‐navigating’ or ‘AI‐sinking’? An analysis of verbs in research articles titles suspicious of containing AI‐generated/assisted content. Learned Publishing 2025;38(1) View
  101. Galli C, Moretti C, Calciolari E. Intelligent summaries: Will Artificial Intelligence mark the finale for biomedical literature reviews?. Learned Publishing 2025;38(1) View
  102. Seghier M. AI-powered peer review needs human supervision. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 2025;23(1):104 View
  103. Maisonneuve H. Revues prédatrices et paper mills mettent en péril la gestion des savoirs. Bulletin du Cancer 2025;112(1):100 View
  104. Figueiredo F, Marinho D, Holanda G, Pinto N, Lira R, Assis E, Nunes M. IMPACTO DA IA NA PRODUTIVIDADE CIENTÍFICA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMATIZADA. REVISTA FOCO 2025;18(1):e7398 View
  105. Salman H, Ahmad M, Ibrahim R, Mahmood J. Systematic analysis of generative AI tools integration in academic research and peer review. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies 2025;15(1):e202502 View
  106. Mondal H, Karri J, Ramasubramanian S, Mondal S, Juhi A, Gupta P. A qualitative survey on perception of medical students on the use of large language models for educational purposes. Advances in Physiology Education 2025;49(1):27 View
  107. Włodarczyk B, Jachimczyk A. Sztuczna inteligencja jako element wsparcia pracy badawczej. Analiza porównawcza narzędzi Scopus AI i Scholar GPT. Studia Medioznawcze 2024;25(4):223 View
  108. Sabbaghan S, Eaton S. Navigating the Ethical Frontier: Graduate Students’ Experiences with Generative AI-Mediated Scholarship. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 2025 View
  109. Liu F, Jiang J, Lu Y, Huang Z, Jiang J. The ethical security of large language models: A systematic review. Frontiers of Engineering Management 2025;12(1):128 View
  110. Nieves-Lopez B, Bechtle A, Traverse J, Klifto C, Schoch B, Aziz K. Evaluating the Evolution of ChatGPT as an Information Resource in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. Orthopedics 2025;48(2) View
  111. Seghier M. Harnessing AI for Comprehensive Reporting of Medical AI Research. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 2025;35(2) View
  112. Perez R, Garcia R. Artificial intelligence in orthopedic research assistance: a resident’s perspective. MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY 2025 View
  113. Yousaf M. Practical Considerations and Ethical Implications of Using Artificial Intelligence in Writing Scientific Manuscripts. ACG Case Reports Journal 2025;12(2):e01629 View
  114. Casciato D, Calhoun J. ChatGPT Achieves Only Fair Agreement with ACFAS Expert Panelist Clinical Consensus Statements. Foot & Ankle Specialist 2025 View
  115. Ozkara B, Boutet A, Comstock B, Van Goethem J, Huisman T, Ross J, Saba L, Shah L, Wintermark M, Castillo M. Artificial Intelligence–Generated Editorials in Radiology: Can Expert Editors Detect Them?. American Journal of Neuroradiology 2025;46(3):559 View
  116. Peng L, Wu Y, Sun J, Xing Y, Li M, Li M. Will Artificial Intelligence Nurse Practitioners Become True? Performance Evaluation of ChatGPT in the American Association of Nurse Practitioners Exams. AI, Computer Science and Robotics Technology 2025;4 View
  117. Godwin R, Tung A, Berkowitz D, Melvin R. Transforming Physiology and Healthcare through Foundation Models. Physiology 2025;40(3):233 View
  118. Lenert L. How the National Library of Medicine should evolve in an era of artificial intelligence. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2025;32(5):968 View
  119. Trecca E, Caponio V, Turri‐Zanoni M, di Lullo A, Gaffuri M, Lechien J, Maniaci A, Maruccio G, Reale M, Visconti I, Dallari V. Comparative Analysis of Information Quality in Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology: Clinicians, Residents, and Large Language Models. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 2025 View
  120. Atarere J, Annor E, Bilalaga M, Egbo O, Gaddipati G, Vasireddy R, Mensah B, Roberts L. Social media use and the relationship with colorectal cancer screening among foreign-born populations in the United States. Cancer Causes & Control 2025 View
  121. Wu J, Yang S, Zhan R, Yuan Y, Chao L, Wong D. A Survey on LLM-Generated Text Detection: Necessity, Methods, and Future Directions. Computational Linguistics 2025;51(1):275 View
  122. Kacer E, Hariharasudan A. Evaluating AI-based breastfeeding chatbots: quality, readability, and reliability analysis. PLOS ONE 2025;20(3):e0319782 View
  123. Oria R, Jain K, Weaver V. Exploring the intersection of mechanobiology and artificial intelligence. npj Biological Physics and Mechanics 2025;2(1) View
  124. Demiröz H, Tıkız Ertürk G. A Review on Conversational AI as a Tool in Academic Writing. Eskiyeni 2025;(56):469 View
  125. Katz G, Zloto O, Hostovsky A, Huna-Baron R, Ben-Bassat Mizrachi I, Burgansky Z, Skaat A, Vishnevskia-Dai V, Fabian I, Sagiv O, Priel A, Glicksberg B, Klang E. Chat GPT vs an experienced ophthalmologist: evaluating chatbot writing performance in ophthalmology. Eye 2025 View
  126. Strale F, Riddle I, Geng B, Oxford B, Kah M, Sherwin R. Confirming SPSS Results With ChatGPT-4 and o3-mini Models. Cureus 2025 View
  127. Kapoor M. Navigating the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Medical Writing. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia 2025;28(2):105 View
  128. Essis M, Hartman H, Tung W, Oh I, Peden S, Gianakos A. Comparison of ChatGPT's Diagnostic and Management Accuracy of Foot and Ankle Bone–Related Pathologies to Orthopaedic Surgeons. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2025 View
  129. Murray M, Maclachlan R, Flockhart G, Adams R, Magueijo V, Goodfellow M, Liaskos K, Hasty W, Lauro V. A ‘snapshot’ of engineering practitioners views of ChatGPT-informing pedagogy in higher education. European Journal of Engineering Education 2025:1 View
  130. Kutler R, Setzen S, Tsai S, Rameau A. An Evaluation of Current Trends in AI‐Generated Text in Otolaryngology Publications. The Laryngoscope 2025 View
  131. Chaya B, Alter N, Daiem M, Assi P, Lineaweaver W. The Art and Science of Manuscript Writing. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2025 View
  132. Patra N, Gaitanou P, Oladokun B, Sahu S. Exploring the integration of AI in library services: Perspectives and considerations. Business Information Review 2025 View
  133. Sun J. Academic Freedom in US Higher Education: Rights Emergent from the Law and the Profession. Encyclopedia 2025;5(2):64 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Edam S. Impacts of Generative AI on the Future of Research and Education. View
  2. Staartjes V, Zanier O, da Mutten R, Serra C, Regli L. Computational Neurosurgery. View
  3. Navío-Inglés M, Tirado-Olivares S, O'Connor-Jiménez P. Geography Education and Explorations on Human Development and Culture. View
  4. Resnik D. The Ethics of Research with Human Subjects. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Domínguez Hernández A, Krishna S, Perini A, Katell M, Bennett S, Borda A, Hashem Y, Hadjiloizou S, Mahomed S, Jayadeva S, Aitken M, Leslie D. The 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. Mapping the individual, social and biospheric impacts of Foundation Models View
  2. Zhou L, Qin Y, Yan S, Zhang G, Hu W. 2024 39th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). Application Analysis of Generative Artificial Intelligence in The field of Open Source Intelligence View
  3. Mormul Y, Przybyszewski J, Nakoud A, Cuffe P. 2024 21st International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET). Reliance on Artificial Intelligence Tools May Displace Research Skills Acquisition Within Engineering Doctoral Programmes: Examples and Implications View
  4. Alchokr R, Starzew E, Saake G, Leich T, Krüger J. Proceedings of the 24th ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. The Impact of AI Language Models on Scientific Writing and Scientific Peer Reviews: A Systematic Literature Review View