Conversational Agents in Health Care: Scoping Review and Conceptual Analysis

Lorainne Tudor Car   ^{1, 2} , MD, MSc, PhD ;   Dhakshenya Ardhithy Dhinagaran   ¹ , BSc (hons) ;   Bhone Myint Kyaw   ¹ , MBBS, MSc, PhD ;   Tobias Kowatsch   ^{3, 4, 5} , MSc, PhD ;   Shafiq Joty   ⁶ , MSc, PhD ;   Yin-Leng Theng   ⁷ , PhD ;   Rifat Atun   ⁸ , MBBS, MBA, FRCGP, FFPH, FRCP

¹ Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

² Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

³ Future Health Technologies programme, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore

⁴ Center for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

⁵ Center for Digital Health Interventions, Institute of Technology Management, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland

⁶ School of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

⁷ Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

⁸ Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States