Machine Learning Models With Prognostic Implications for Predicting Gastrointestinal Bleeding After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Guiding Personalized Medicine: Multicenter Cohort Study

Jiale Dong   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , MD, PhD ;   Zhechuan Jin   ^{1 *} , MD, PhD ;   Chengxiang Li   ⁴ , MS ;   Jian Yang   ^{1, 4} , MD, PhD ;   Yi Jiang   ⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Zeqian Li   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Cheng Chen   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Bo Zhang   ^{4, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Zhaofei Ye   ⁸ , MD, PhD ;   Yang Hu   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Jianguo Ma   ⁹ , PhD ;   Ping Li   ⁸ , MD, PhD ;   Yulin Li   ^{1 *} , MD, PhD ;   Dongjin Wang   ^{6 *} , MD, PhD ;   Zhili Ji   ^{1, 2, 3, 4 *} , MD, PhD

¹ Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

² Department of Acute Abdomen Surgery, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

³ Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

⁴ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

⁵ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China

⁶ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Beijing, China

⁷ Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

⁸ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

⁹ School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China

*these authors contributed equally