Collaborative Human–Computer Vision Operative Video Analysis Algorithm for Analyzing Surgical Fluency and Surgical Interruptions in Endonasal Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery: Cohort Study

Chia-En Wong   ¹ , MD ;   Pei-Wen Chen   ^{2, 3} , MSc ;   Heng-Jui Hsu   ⁴ , MD ;   Shao-Yang Cheng   ² , BS ;   Chen-Che Fan   ² , BS ;   Yen-Chang Chen   ² , BS ;   Yi-Pei Chiu   ² , BS ;   Jung-Shun Lee   ^{1, 3, 5 *} , MSc, MD ;   Sheng-Fu Liang   ^{2, 6 *} , PhD

¹ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan

² Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

³ Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

⁴ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan

⁵ Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

⁶ Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

*these authors contributed equally