The Diagnostic Ability of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0 in Surgery: Comparative Analysis

Jiayu Liu   ^{1 *} , MD, PhD ;   Xiuting Liang   ^{2 *} , MD ;   Dandong Fang   ^{3 *} , MD ;   Jiqi Zheng   ^{4 *} , PhD ;   Chengliang Yin   ^{5, 6 *} , PhD ;   Hui Xie   ^{7 *} , MD ;   Yanteng Li   ¹ , MD ;   Xiaochun Sun   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Yue Tong   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Hebin Che   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Ping Hu   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Fan Yang   ¹ , MD ;   Bingxian Wang   ¹ , MD ;   Yuanyuan Chen   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Gang Cheng   ¹ , MD ;   Jianning Zhang   ¹ , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

² Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

³ Department of Neurosurgery, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, Sanmenxia, China

⁴ School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China

⁵ Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China

⁶ National Engineering Research Center for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China

⁷ Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

*these authors contributed equally