Machine Learning–Based Prediction for Incident Hypertension Based on Regular Health Checkup Data: Derivation and Validation in 2 Independent Nationwide Cohorts in South Korea and Japan

Seung Ha Hwang   ^{1, 2 *} , MS ;   Hayeon Lee   ^{1, 2 *} , PhD ;   Jun Hyuk Lee   ^{3 *} , BS ;   Myeongcheol Lee   ^{2, 4} , MS ;   Ai Koyanagi   ⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Lee Smith   ⁶ , PhD ;   Sang Youl Rhee   ^{2, 4, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Dong Keon Yon   ^{2, 4, 8} , MD, PhD ;   Jinseok Lee   ¹ , PhD

¹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea

² Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

³ Health and Human Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

⁴ Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁵ Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain

⁶ Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom

⁷ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

*these authors contributed equally