Limitations of the Cough Sound-Based COVID-19 Diagnosis Artificial Intelligence Model and its Future Direction: Longitudinal Observation Study

Jina Kim   ¹ , MSc ;   Yong Sung Choi   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Young Joo Lee   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Seung Geun Yeo   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Kyung Won Kim   ² , MD, PhD ;   Min Seo Kim   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Masoud Rahmati   ^{4, 5} , PhD ;   Dong Keon Yon   ^{6, 7 *} , MD, PhD ;   Jinseok Lee   ^{1, 8 *} , PhD

¹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

² Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Image Metrics, Clinical Trial Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

³ Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States

⁴ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran

⁵ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

⁶ Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁸ Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea

*these authors contributed equally