Longitudinal Model Shifts of Machine Learning–Based Clinical Risk Prediction Models: Evaluation Study of Multiple Use Cases Across Different Hospitals

Patricia Cabanillas Silva   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Hong Sun   ^{2, 3 *} , PhD ;   Mohamed Rezk   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Diana M Roccaro-Waldmeyer   ¹ , PhD ;   Janis Fliegenschmidt   ⁴ , BSc, MD ;   Nikolai Hulde   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Vera von Dossow   ⁴ , MD, PhD, Prof Dr ;   Laurent Meesseman   ¹ , MD ;   Kristof Depraetere   ¹ , MSc ;   Joerg Stieg   ¹ , MSc ;   Ralph Szymanowsky   ¹ , MSc ;   Fried-Michael Dahlweid   ¹ , MD, PhD

¹ Dedalus HealthCare, Antwerp, Belgium

² Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Perceiving and Intelligent Systems, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China

³ Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Human Health Situation Awareness of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China

⁴ Institute of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine Westphalia, University Hospital of Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany

*these authors contributed equally