Exploring Perceptions About Paracetamol, Tramadol, and Codeine on Twitter Using Machine Learning: Quantitative and Qualitative Observational Study

Federico Carabot   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Carolina Donat-Vargas   ^{3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Javier Santoma-Vilaclara   ^{1, 6} , MSc ;   Miguel A Ortega   ^{1, 2, 7} , PhD ;   Cielo García-Montero   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Oscar Fraile-Martínez   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Cristina Zaragoza   ⁸ , PhD ;   Jorge Monserrat   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Melchor Alvarez-Mon   ^{1, 2, 9} , MD, PhD ;   Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon   ^{1, 2, 10} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain

² Ramon y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research, Madrid, Spain

³ Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden

⁴ ISGlobal, Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona, Campus MAR, Barcelona, Spain

⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain

⁶ Data & AI, Filament Consultancy Group., London, United Kingdom

⁷ Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain

⁸ Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Alcalá, Pharmacology Unit, Alcala de Henares, Spain

⁹ Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain

¹⁰ Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain