This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Digital Health Reviews (1533) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (637) Mobile Health in Psychiatry (479) Methods and New Tools in Mental Health Research (499)

Published on in Vol 25 (2023)

This is a member publication of Imperial College London (Jisc)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/44548, first published .
Evaluating Conversational Agents for Mental Health: Scoping Review of Outcomes and Outcome Measurement Instruments

Evaluating Conversational Agents for Mental Health: Scoping Review of Outcomes and Outcome Measurement Instruments

Evaluating Conversational Agents for Mental Health: Scoping Review of Outcomes and Outcome Measurement Instruments

Authors of this article:

Ahmad Ishqi Jabir1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Laura Martinengo1 Author Orcid Image ;   Xiaowen Lin1 Author Orcid Image ;   John Torous3 Author Orcid Image ;   Mythily Subramaniam4, 5 Author Orcid Image ;   Lorainne Tudor Car1, 6 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (23) Tweetations (4) Metrics

Journals

  1. Martinengo L, Lin X, Jabir A, Kowatsch T, Atun R, Car J, Tudor Car L. Conversational Agents in Health Care: Expert Interviews to Inform the Definition, Classification, and Conceptual Framework. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e50767 View
  2. Al Shboul M, Alwreikat A, Alotaibi F. Investigating the Use of ChatGpt as a Novel Method for Seeking Health Information: A Qualitative Approach. Science & Technology Libraries 2024;43(3):225 View
  3. Kiuchi K, Otsu K, Hayashi Y. Psychological insights into the research and practice of embodied conversational agents, chatbots and social assistive robots: a systematic meta-review. Behaviour & Information Technology 2024;43(15):3696 View
  4. Jabir A, Lin X, Martinengo L, Sharp G, Theng Y, Tudor Car L. Attrition in Conversational Agent–Delivered Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e48168 View
  5. Li H, Zhang R, Lee Y, Kraut R, Mohr D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-being. npj Digital Medicine 2023;6(1) View
  6. Jiang Z, Huang X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Huang L, Luo X. Embodied Conversational Agents for Chronic Diseases: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e47134 View
  7. Boian R, Bucur A, Todea D, Luca A, Rebedea T, Podina I. A conversational agent framework for mental health screening: design, implementation, and usability. Behaviour & Information Technology 2024:1 View
  8. Khosravi M, Azar G. Factors influencing patient engagement in mental health chatbots: A thematic analysis of findings from a systematic review of reviews. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  9. Villarreal-Zegarra D, Reategui-Rivera C, García-Serna J, Quispe-Callo G, Lázaro-Cruz G, Centeno-Terrazas G, Galvez-Arevalo R, Escobar-Agreda S, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Finkelstein J. Self-Administered Interventions Based on Natural Language Processing Models for Reducing Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Mental Health 2024;11:e59560 View
  10. Harris D. Exploring Digital Affordances in Online Mental Health Resources: A Scoping Review of Methodologies and Populations. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2025;41(10):6089 View
  11. Babushkina D, de Boer B. Disrupted self, therapy, and the limits of conversational AI. Philosophical Psychology 2024:1 View
  12. Frischholz K, Tanaka H, Shidara K, Onishi K, Nakamura S. Examining the Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With a Virtual Agent on User Motivation and Improvement in Psychological Distress and Anxiety: Two-Session Experimental Study. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e55234 View
  13. Uetova E, Hederman L, Ross R, O’Sullivan D. Exploring the characteristics of conversational agents in chronic disease management interventions: A scoping review. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  14. Foran H, Kubb C, Mueller J, Poff S, Ung M, Li M, Smith E, Akinyemi A, Kambadur M, Waller F, Graf M, Boureau Y. An Automated Conversational Agent Self-Help Program: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e53829 View
  15. Park J, Singh V, Wisniewski P. Current Landscape and Future Directions for Mental Health Conversational Agents for Youth: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2025;13:e62758 View
  16. Sobowale K, Humphrey D. Evaluating the Quality of Psychotherapy Conversational Agents: Framework Development and Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2024 View
  17. Auf H, Svedberg P, Nygren J, Nair M, Lundgren L. The Use of AI in Mental Health Services to Support Decision-Making: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e63548 View
  18. Han Q, Zhao C. Unleashing the potential of chatbots in mental health: bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2025;16 View
  19. Kirchner-Krath J, Schmidt-Kraepelin M, Schmähl K, Schütz C, Morschheuser B, Sunyaev A. Behavior Change Support Systems for Self-Treating Procrastination: Systematic Search in App Stores and Analysis of Motivational Design Archetypes. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e65214 View
  20. Sharp J, Kelson J, South D, Saliba A, Kabir M. Virtual reality and artificial intelligence as psychological countermeasures in space and other isolated and confined environments: A scoping review. Acta Astronautica 2025;232:666 View
  21. Zhang Z, Sun S, Moradbakhti L, Hall A, Mougenot C, Chen J, Calvo R. Health Care Professionals' Engagement With Digital Mental Health Interventions in the United Kingdom and China: Mixed Methods Study on Engagement Factors and Design Implications. JMIR Mental Health 2025;12:e67190 View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Bin Sawad A, Alakhtar R, Alturki B, Narayan B, Lin S, Prasad M, Kocaballi A. Proceedings of the 35th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference. Towards a Design Framework for Conversational Agents for Diabetes Prevention View
  2. Vieira Sousa J, Campos P, Bala P. Proceedings of the 27th International Academic Mindtrek Conference. College Tales: Pilot Study on Large Language Models Generated Narratives for Mental Health Literacy View