Evaluating Conversational Agents for Mental Health: Scoping Review of Outcomes and Outcome Measurement Instruments

Ahmad Ishqi Jabir   ^{1, 2} , BSc, MSc ;   Laura Martinengo   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Xiaowen Lin   ¹ , BA ;   John Torous   ³ , MD ;   Mythily Subramaniam   ^{4, 5} , PhD ;   Lorainne Tudor Car   ^{1, 6} , MD, PhD

¹ Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

² Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence And Technological Enterprise, Singapore, Singapore

³ Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States

⁴ Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore

⁵ Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

⁶ Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom