Deep Learning With Chest Radiographs for Making Prognoses in Patients With COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study

Hyun Woo Lee   ^{1, 2 *} , MD ;   Hyun Jun Yang   ^{2 *} , MS ;   Hyungjin Kim   ^{2, 3} , MD ;   Ue-Hwan Kim   ⁴ , PhD ;   Dong Hyun Kim   ^{2, 5} , MD ;   Soon Ho Yoon   ^{2, 3} , MD ;   Soo-Youn Ham   ⁶ , MD ;   Bo Da Nam   ⁷ , MD ;   Kum Ju Chae   ⁸ , MD ;   Dabee Lee   ⁹ , MD ;   Jin Young Yoo   ¹⁰ , MD ;   So Hyeon Bak   ¹¹ , MD ;   Jin Young Kim   ¹² , MD ;   Jin Hwan Kim   ¹³ , MD ;   Ki Beom Kim   ¹⁴ , MD ;   Jung Im Jung   ¹⁵ , MD ;   Jae-Kwang Lim   ¹⁶ , MD ;   Jong Eun Lee   ¹⁷ , MD ;   Myung Jin Chung   ¹⁸ , MD ;   Young Kyung Lee   ¹⁹ , MD ;   Young Seon Kim   ²⁰ , MD ;   Sang Min Lee   ²¹ , MD ;   Woocheol Kwon   ²² , MD ;   Chang Min Park   ^{2, 3} , MD ;   Yun-Hyeon Kim   ¹⁷ , MD ;   Yeon Joo Jeong   ²³ , MD ;   Kwang Nam Jin   ^{2, 5} , MD ;   Jin Mo Goo   ^{2, 3} , MD

¹ Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

² College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

³ Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁴ AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

⁵ Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁶ Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁷ Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁸ Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

⁹ Department of Radiology, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea

¹⁰ Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea

¹¹ Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea

¹² Department of Radiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea

¹³ Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

¹⁴ Department of Radiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea

¹⁵ Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹⁶ Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

¹⁷ Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

¹⁸ Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹⁹ Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

²⁰ Department of Radiology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea

²¹ Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

²² Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

²³ Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea

*these authors contributed equally