Predicting Norovirus in England Using Existing and Emerging Syndromic Data: Infodemiology Study

Nikola Ondrikova   ^{1, 2, 3} ;   John P Harris   ⁴ , PhD ;   Amy Douglas   ⁵ ;   Helen E Hughes   ^{2, 6} ;   Miren Iturriza-Gomara   ⁷ , PhD ;   Roberto Vivancos   ^{2, 4, 8} , MD ;   Alex J Elliot   ^{2, 6} ;   Nigel A Cunliffe   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Helen E Clough   ^{1, 2} , PhD

¹ Institute of Infection, Ecological and Veterinary Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

² National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

³ Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

⁴ Field Service, Health Protection Operations, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Liverpool, United Kingdom

⁵ Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom

⁶ Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Health Protection Operations, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Birmingham, United Kingdom

⁷ Centre for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Geneva, Switzerland

⁸ National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom