Leveraging Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality to Combat Chronic Pain in Youth: Position Paper From the Interdisciplinary Network on Virtual and Augmented Technologies for Pain Management

Deirdre E Logan   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Laura E Simons   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Thomas J Caruso   ^{3, 4 *} , MD ;   Jeffrey I Gold   ^{5, 6, 7, 8 *} , PhD ;   Walter Greenleaf   ^{9 *} , PhD ;   Anya Griffin   ^{3, 4 *} , PhD ;   Christopher D King   ^{10, 11, 12 *} , PhD ;   Maria Menendez   ^{4 *} , MD ;   Vanessa A Olbrecht   ^{10, 12, 13 *} , MD, MBA ;   Samuel Rodriguez   ^{3, 4 *} , MD ;   Megan Silvia   ^{14, 15 *} , OTR, MSc ;   Jennifer N Stinson   ^{16 *} , PhD ;   Ellen Wang   ^{3, 4 *} , MD ;   Sara E Williams   ^{10, 11, 12 *} , PhD ;   Luke Wilson   ^{17 *} , BA

¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

² Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

³ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States

⁴ Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

⁵ Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

⁶ The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States

⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

⁹ Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States

¹¹ Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States

¹² Center for Understanding Pediatric Pain (CUPP), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States

¹³ Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States

¹⁴ Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

¹⁵ Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

¹⁶ Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

¹⁷ Mighty Immersion, Inc., New York, NY, United States

*these authors contributed equally