Reproducible Machine Learning Methods for Lung Cancer Detection Using Computed Tomography Images: Algorithm Development and Validation

Kun-Hsing Yu   ^{1, 2, 3} , MD, PhD ;   Tsung-Lu Michael Lee   ⁴ , PhD ;   Ming-Hsuan Yen   ^{5, 6} , BSc ;   S C Kou   ² , PhD ;   Bruce Rosen   ^{7, 8} , MD, PhD ;   Jung-Hsien Chiang   ⁶ , PhD ;   Isaac S Kohane   ^{1, 8} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

² Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States

³ Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

⁴ Department of Information Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan, Taiwan

⁵ Graduate Program of Multimedia Systems and Intelligent Computing, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan

⁶ Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

⁷ Department of Radiology, Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

⁸ Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard–Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States