An Artificial Intelligence Model to Predict the Mortality of COVID-19 Patients at Hospital Admission Time Using Routine Blood Samples: Development and Validation of an Ensemble Model

Hoon Ko   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Heewon Chung   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Wu Seong Kang   ^{2 *} , MD, PhD ;   Chul Park   ^{3 *} , MD ;   Do Wan Kim   ⁴ , MD ;   Seong Eun Kim   ⁵ , MD ;   Chi Ryang Chung   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Ryoung Eun Ko   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Hooseok Lee   ¹ , MSc ;   Jae Ho Seo   ⁷ , PhD ;   Tae-Young Choi   ⁸ , PhD ;   Rafael Jaimes   ⁹ , PhD ;   Kyung Won Kim   ¹⁰ , MD ;   Jinseok Lee   ¹ , PhD

¹ Biomedical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea, Republic of

² Department of Trauma Surgery, Wonkwang University Hospital, IKsan, Korea, Republic of

³ Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea, Republic of

⁴ Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of

⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of

⁶ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of

⁷ Department of Biochemistry, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea, Republic of

⁸ Department of Pathology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea, Republic of

⁹ Biotechnology and Human Systems, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, United States

¹⁰ Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of

*these authors contributed equally