Communicative Blame in Online Communication of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Computational Approach of Stigmatizing Cues and Negative Sentiment Gauged With Automated Analytic Techniques

Angela Chang   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Peter Johannes Schulz   ² , PhD ;   ShengTsung Tu   ³ , PhD ;   Matthew Tingchi Liu   ⁴ , PhD

¹ Department of Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China

² Institute of Communication and Health, Lugano University, Lugano, Switzerland

³ Department of Radio and Television, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan

⁴ Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, China