This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Chatbots and Conversational Agents (740) Innovations in Mental Health Systems (484) Crowdsourcing and Mechanical Turks (103) Special Issue on Computing and Mental Health (2018) (33) Artificial Intelligence (2129)

Published on in Vol 20, No 6 (2018): June

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/10148, first published .
Towards an Artificially Empathic Conversational Agent for Mental Health Applications: System Design and User Perceptions

Towards an Artificially Empathic Conversational Agent for Mental Health Applications: System Design and User Perceptions

Towards an Artificially Empathic Conversational Agent for Mental Health Applications: System Design and User Perceptions

Authors of this article:

Robert R Morris1 Author Orcid Image ;   Kareem Kouddous1 Author Orcid Image ;   Rohan Kshirsagar1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Stephen M Schueller3 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (187) Tweetations (54) Metrics

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  128. Kuhail M, Al-Shamaileh O, Farooq S, Shahin H, Abdelzaher F, Thomas J, Kaura N. A Systematic Review on Mental Health Chatbots: Trends, Design Principles, Evaluation Methods, and Future Research Agenda. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2025;2025(1) View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Medeiros L, Gerritsen C, Bosse T. Computational Collective Intelligence. View
  2. Callejas Z, Griol D. Dialog Systems. View
  3. Paiva A, Correia F, Oliveira R, Santos F, Arriaga P. The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents. View
  4. Kaveladze B, Kaveladze G, Yom-Tov E, Schueller S. Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. View
  5. Ogilvie L, Prescott J, Hanley T, Carson J. Digital Innovations for Mental Health Support. View
  6. Kolenik T. Integrating Artificial Intelligence and IoT for Advanced Health Informatics. View
  7. Kaveladze B, Schueller S. Digital Therapeutics for Mental Health and Addiction. View
  8. Bickmore T, O'Leary T. Digital Therapeutics for Mental Health and Addiction. View
  9. Almutairi S, Khan S, Kuhail M, Taj I. Trends, Applications, and Challenges of Chatbot Technology. View
  10. Mattioli M. Governing Privacy in Knowledge Commons. View
  11. Zhang M, Yue L, Xu M. Advanced Data Mining and Applications. View
  12. Tucker I. After Lockdown, Opening Up. View
  13. Callejas Z, Fernández-Martínez F, Esposito A, Griol D. Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Neural Systems to Data Science. View
  14. Apablaza J, Cano S. Social Computing and Social Media. View
  15. Aicher A, Fuchs M, Minker W, Ultes S. Artificial Intelligence in HCI. View
  16. Kirabo C, Murindanyi S, Kirabo N, Hasib K, Marvin G. Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Intelligence. View
  17. Sharma P, Gupta M, Kalra R. Next Generation eHealth. View
  18. Papademetriou C, Ragazou K, Garefalakis A, Anastasiadou S. Human Resource Strategies in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. View
  19. Osta A, Kokkinaki A, Chedrawi C. Leading and Managing in the Digital Era. View
  20. Yzer M, Siegel J. The Handbook of Mental Health Communication. View
  21. Shah J, Shah T. Children and Youth in Armed Conflict: Responses, Resistance, and Portrayal in Media. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Liao Y, He J. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. Racial mirroring effects on human-agent interaction in psychotherapeutic conversations View
  2. Ramirez A, Reinman S, Norouzi N. 2019 IEEE International Symposium on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications (INISTA). PokerBot: Hand Strength Reinforcement Learning View
  3. Hoegen R, Aneja D, McDuff D, Czerwinski M. Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. An End-to-End Conversational Style Matching Agent View
  4. Spitale M, Garzotto F. Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. Towards Empathic Conversational Interaction View
  5. Ahmadvand A, Sahijwani H, Agichtein E. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. Would you Like to Talk about Sports Now? View
  6. Kornfield R, Zhang R, Nicholas J, Schueller S, Cambo S, Mohr D, Reddy M. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. "Energy is a Finite Resource": Designing Technology to Support Individuals across Fluctuating Symptoms of Depression View
  7. Choi J, Agichtein E. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. Quantifying the Effects of Prosody Modulation on User Engagement and Satisfaction in Conversational Systems View
  8. Kearns W, Kaura N, Divina M, Vo C, Si D, Ward T, Yuwen W. Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. A Wizard-of-Oz Interface and Persona-based Methodology for Collecting Health Counseling Dialog View
  9. Khan S, Leekha M, Shukla J, Shah R. 2020 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Multimedia Big Data (BigMM). Vyaktitv: A Multimodal Peer-to-Peer Hindi Conversations based Dataset for Personality Assessment View
  10. Moghadasi M, Zhuang Y, Gellban H. 2020 2nd Symposium on Signal Processing Systems. Robo : A Counselor Chatbot for Opioid Addicted Patients View
  11. Park S, Thieme A, Han J, Lee S, Rhee W, Suh B. Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021. “I wrote as if I were telling a story to someone I knew.”: Designing Chatbot Interactions for Expressive Writing in Mental Health View
  12. Ryan K, Dockray S, Linehan C. CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Understanding How eHealth Coaches Tailor Support For Weight Loss: Towards the Design of Person-Centered Coaching Systems View
  13. Mathur L, Spitale M, Xi H, Li J, Mataric M. 2021 9th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII). Modeling User Empathy Elicited by a Robot Storyteller View
  14. Yucel Y, Rizvanoglu K. 2022 IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE). I am old too!: Understanding the Impact of Empathy and Voice Characteristics on Older Adults' Perception of Voice Assistants View
  15. Schoenherr J. 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS). Trust and explainability in A/IS-mediated healthcare: Operationalizing the therapeutic alliance in a distributed system View
  16. Kornfield R, Meyerhoff J, Studd H, Bhattacharjee A, Williams J, Reddy M, Mohr D. CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Meeting Users Where They Are: User-centered Design of an Automated Text Messaging Tool to Support the Mental Health of Young Adults View
  17. El Hefny W, El Bolock A, Herbert C, Abdennadher S. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction. Applying the Character-Based Chatbots Generation Framework in Education and Healthcare View
  18. Gadiraju U, Abbas T, Allen G. 28th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. DECI: A Tutorial on Designing Effective Conversational Interfaces View
  19. Mittal S, De Choudhury M. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Moral Framing of Mental Health Discourse and Its Relationship to Stigma: A Comparison of Social Media and News View
  20. Bhattacharjee A, Williams J, Meyerhoff J, Kumar H, Mariakakis A, Kornfield R. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Investigating the Role of Context in the Delivery of Text Messages for Supporting Psychological Wellbeing View
  21. Ma Y, Abbas T, Gadiraju U. Proceedings of the 34th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. ContextBot View
  22. Peltola J, Kaipainen K, Keinonen K, Kiuru N, Turunen M. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. Developing A Conversational Interface for an ACT-based Online Program: Understanding Adolescents’ Expectations of Conversational Style View
  23. Straßmann C, Helgert A, Breil V, Settelmayer L, Diehl I. 2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). Exploring the Use of Colored Ambient Lights to Convey Emotional Cues With Conversational Agents: An Experimental Study View
  24. Yalçın Ö. 2023 11th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW). How (not) to Evaluate Computational Empathy: Testing the Assumptions of the Evaluation Methods in a Use-Case View
  25. El Hefny W, El Bolock A, Herbert C, Abdennadher S. 2021 IEEE 9th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health(SeGAH). Chase Away the Virus: A Character-Based Chatbot for COVID-19 View
  26. Wu R, Yu C, Pan X, Liu Y, Zhang N, Fu Y, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Chen L, Jiang Q, Xu X, Shi Y. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. MindShift: Leveraging Large Language Models for Mental-States-Based Problematic Smartphone Use Intervention View
  27. Kalanadhabhatta M, Mateo Santana A, Mayorga L, Rahman T, Ganesan D, Grabell A. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Multi-stakeholder Perspectives on Mental Health Screening Tools for Children View
  28. Stapleton L, Liu S, Liu C, Hong I, Chancellor S, Kraut R, Zhu H. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. "If This Person is Suicidal, What Do I Do?": Designing Computational Approaches to Help Online Volunteers Respond to Suicidality View
  29. Oewel B, Arean P, Agapie E. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Approaches for tailoring between-session mental health therapy activities View
  30. Gadiraju U, Yadav K. Adjunct Proceedings of the 32nd ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. DECI: The 2nd Tutorial on Designing Effective Conversational Interfaces View
  31. Edison D, Goswami S, Janakiraman V, Almusawi M, Kuppuraj T, Ramesh A. 2024 4th International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE). An Intensive Role of Chatbot Services in the field of Healthcare View
  32. Gadiraju U, Yadav K. Companion Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. DECI: The 3rd Tutorial on Designing Effective Conversational Interfaces View
  33. Carchiolo V, Malgeri M. Global Congress on Emerging Technologies (GCET-2024). Quantitative Review of Conversational Agents in E-Health Using NLP and AI View
  34. Das Swain V, Zhong Q, Parekh J, Jeon Y, Zimmermann R, Czerwinski M, Suh J, Mishra V, Saha K, Hernandez J. Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. AI on My Shoulder: Supporting Emotional Labor in Front-Office Roles with an LLM-based Empathetic Coworker View
  35. Mororo N, Araújo J, Bomfim R, Furtado V. Anais do XXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação (SBSI 2025). Providing Task Execution Capabilities in LLM-Based Conversational Assistants View
  36. Bhattacharjee A, Xu S, Rao P, Zeng Y, Meyerhoff J, Ahmed S, Mohr D, Liut M, Mariakakis A, Kornfield R, Williams J. Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference. Perfectly to a Tee: Understanding User Perceptions of Personalized LLM-Enhanced Narrative Interventions View
  37. Schmidmaier M, Rupp J, Mayer S. Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction. Using a Secondary Channel to Display the Internal Empathic Resonance of LLM-Driven Agents for Mental Health Support View
  38. di Bona K, Ijaz K, Ahmadpour N. Proceedings of the 37th Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. "AI that’s so good it almost seems human:" Risk and Hype Cycles of AI and Chatbots in Mobile Mental Health Apps View