This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Extended Reality, Virtual Reality and Virtual Worlds (622) Digital Pain Assessment and Management (185) Clinical Integration of XR and Spatial Computing (39) Development of Novel Medical Devices and Innovations for Existing Devices (88)

Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/63137, first published .
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Enhanced Pain-Relieving Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation via Visuo-Tactile Stimulation in Immersive Virtual Reality: Randomized Controlled Trial

Neurobiological Mechanisms of Enhanced Pain-Relieving Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation via Visuo-Tactile Stimulation in Immersive Virtual Reality: Randomized Controlled Trial

Neurobiological Mechanisms of Enhanced Pain-Relieving Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation via Visuo-Tactile Stimulation in Immersive Virtual Reality: Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors of this article:

Chenxi Wang1 Author Orcid Image ;   Lanqi Gao1 Author Orcid Image ;   Chuan Zhang2 Author Orcid Image ;   Jun Li1 Author Orcid Image ;   Jixin Liu1 Author Orcid Image
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Chenxi Wang   1 , PhD ;   Lanqi Gao   1 , MS ;   Chuan Zhang   2 , PhD ;   Jun Li   1 * , PhD ;   Jixin Liu   1 * , PhD

1 School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China

2 Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China

*these authors contributed equally

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