Ascle—A Python Natural Language Processing Toolkit for Medical Text Generation: Development and Evaluation Study

Rui Yang   ^{1 *} , MS ;   Qingcheng Zeng   ^{2 *} , BS ;   Keen You   ^{3 *} , BS ;   Yujie Qiao   ^{4 *} , MPH ;   Lucas Huang   ³ , BS ;   Chia-Chun Hsieh   ³ , BS ;   Benjamin Rosand   ³ , BS ;   Jeremy Goldwasser   ³ , BS ;   Amisha Dave   ⁵ , MD ;   Tiarnan Keenan   ⁶ , PhD ;   Yuhe Ke   ⁷ , MBBS ;   Chuan Hong   ⁸ , PhD ;   Nan Liu   ^{1, 9, 10} , PhD ;   Emily Chew   ⁶ , MD ;   Dragomir Radev   ^{3 †} , PhD ;   Zhiyong Lu   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Hua Xu   ¹² , PhD ;   Qingyu Chen   ¹² , PhD ;   Irene Li   ^{13, 14} , PhD

¹ Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

² Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States

³ Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

⁴ Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

⁵ Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

⁶ Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States

⁷ Department of Anesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

⁸ Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States

⁹ Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

¹⁰ Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

¹¹ National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States

¹² Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

¹³ Information Technology Center, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

¹⁴ Smartor LLC, Tokyo, Japan

*these authors contributed equally

†deceased