Identifying and Estimating Frailty Phenotypes by Vocal Biomarkers: Cross-Sectional Study

Yu-Chun Lin   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD ;   Huang-Ting Yan   ³ , PhD ;   Chih-Hsueh Lin   ^{4, 5 *} , MD, PhD ;   Hen-Hong Chang   ^{1, 2, 6 *} , MD, PhD

¹ Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

² Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

³ Institute of Political Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

⁴ School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

⁵ Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

⁶ Chinese Medicine Research Centre, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

*these authors contributed equally