Privacy-Preserving Federated Model Predicting Bipolar Transition in Patients With Depression: Prediction Model Development Study

Dong Yun Lee   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Byungjin Choi   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Chungsoo Kim   ² , PharmD ;   Egill Fridgeirsson   ³ , MSc ;   Jenna Reps   ⁴ , PhD ;   Myoungsuk Kim   ⁵ , MSE ;   Jihyeong Kim   ⁵ , BSE ;   Jae-Won Jang   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Sang Youl Rhee   ^{7, 8} , MD, PhD ;   Won-Woo Seo   ⁹ , MD ;   Seunghoon Lee   ¹⁰ , MD, PhD ;   Sang Joon Son   ¹¹ , MD, PhD ;   Rae Woong Park   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea

² Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea

³ Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands

⁴ Observational Health Data Analytics, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, United States

⁵ Data Solution Team, Evidnet Co, Ltd, Sungnam, Republic of Korea

⁶ Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea

⁷ Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁸ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea

¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea

*these authors contributed equally