Examining Twitter-Derived Negative Racial Sentiment as Indicators of Cultural Racism: Observational Associations With Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight Among a Multiracial Sample of Mothers, 2011-2021

Thu T Nguyen   ^{1 *} , MSPH, ScD ;   Junaid S Merchant   ^{1 *} , BA, MS ;   Shaniece Criss   ^{2 *} , MPH, MPA, ScD ;   Katrina Makres   ^{1 *} , BS ;   Krishik N Gowda   ¹ , BS, MSc ;   Heran Mane   ^{1 *} , BS ;   Xiaohe Yue   ^{1 *} , MS ;   Yulin Hswen   ³ , ScD ;   M Maria Glymour   ⁴ , MS, ScD ;   Quynh C Nguyen   ¹ , MSPH, PhD ;   Amani M Allen   ⁵ , MPH, PhD

¹ Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States

² Department of Health Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, SC, United States

³ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

⁵ Divisions of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States

*these authors contributed equally