This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Letters to the Editor (43) Games and Gamification for Health (650) Exergames, Active Games and Gamification of Physical Activity (180) Gamification (128) Serious Games for Health and Medicine (683) Behavior Change (712) Innovations and Technology for Physical Activity Education (742)

Published on in Vol 24, No 5 (2022): May

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/36396, first published .
Learning More About the Effects of Gamification on Physical Activity. Comment on “Evaluating the Effectiveness of Gamification on Physical Activity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”

Learning More About the Effects of Gamification on Physical Activity. Comment on “Evaluating the Effectiveness of Gamification on Physical Activity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”

Learning More About the Effects of Gamification on Physical Activity. Comment on “Evaluating the Effectiveness of Gamification on Physical Activity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”

Authors of this article:

Cheng-Hsien Hung1 Author Orcid Image ;   Yung-Shuo Kao2 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (1) Tweetations (4) Metrics

    Letter to the Editor

    1Department of Pharmacy, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan

    2Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

    Corresponding Author:

    Cheng-Hsien Hung, BSc

    Department of Pharmacy

    Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital

    No 6, Lugong Rd

    Lukang Township

    Changhua County, 50544

    Taiwan

    Phone: 886 4 7813888 ext 71255

    Fax:886 4 7812966

    Email: chenghsien823@gmail.com



    We read with great interest the article, “Evaluating the Effectiveness of Gamification on Physical Activity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials” by Mazeas et al [1]. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of gamification on physical activity (PA). This meta-analysis confirms that gamified interventions are promising for promoting PA in various populations. Although the authors acknowledge the limitations of their study, we wish to highlight several methodological issues and provide our perspective.

    First, Paul et al [2] was not a randomized controlled trial, but a nonrandomized clinical controlled trial. As mentioned in both the methods and limitations of this study, the authors used nonrandomized allocation. According to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions [3], “Predefined, unambiguous eligibility criteria are a fundamental prerequisite for a systematic review.” Authors should select literature strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, especially for the quantitative analysis. Mixing research with different study designs may significantly affect the results and the level of evidence.

    Second, the total number of hours of gamification performed can make a significant difference. Although the authors have conducted a subgroup analysis of the duration of gamification (short- and long-term interventions), each type of gamification is different, and we do not know the number of minutes of gamification performed per day. The total number of hours of gamification performed can vary greatly across the different studies. We believe this could be a potential source of heterogeneity.

    Third, this meta-analysis may not apply to older adults. The mean age of participants in the selected studies was 35.7 years, and most of the studies were conducted on participants aged <65 years. The American College of Sports Medicine suggests that the population most in need of exercise may be older adults [4]. In a previous meta-analysis, the lack of PA was associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, fractures, and falls among older populations [5]. However, this age group may have difficulty with device operation and gamification rules. Age may affect the gamification experience, leading to limitations in the application of evidence.

    In conclusion, we believe that clarification of the above points can strengthen the interpretation of the study results. The authors have analyzed an important issue. A better understanding of the effects of gamification mechanisms on PA is critical for clinicians.

    Conflicts of Interest

    None declared.

    1. Mazeas A, Duclos M, Pereira B, Chalabaev A. Evaluating the effectiveness of gamification on physical activity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Med Internet Res 2022 Jan 04;24(1):e26779 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
    2. Paul L, Wyke S, Brewster S, Sattar N, Gill JMR, Alexander G, et al. Increasing physical activity in stroke survivors using STARFISH, an interactive mobile phone application: a pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2016 Jun;23(3):170-177. [CrossRef] [Medline]
    3. Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). 2021.   URL: https://training.cochrane.org/handbook [accessed 2021-01-12]
    4. American College of Sports Medicine, Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009 Jul;41(7):1510-1530. [CrossRef] [Medline]
    5. Cunningham C, O' Sullivan R, Caserotti P, Tully MA. Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: A systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020 May;30(5):816-827. [CrossRef] [Medline]

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    PA: physical activity

    Edited by T Leung; This is a non–peer-reviewed article. submitted 13.01.22; accepted 26.04.22; published 03.05.22

    Copyright

    ©Cheng-Hsien Hung, Yung-Shuo Kao. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 03.05.2022.

    This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.