Design and Evaluation Challenges of Conversational Agents in Health Care and Well-being: Selective Review Study

Ahmet Baki Kocaballi   ^{1, 2 *} , MSc, PhD ;   Emre Sezgin   ^{3, 4 *} , PhD ;   Leigh Clark   ^{5 *} , PhD ;   John M Carroll   ⁶ , PhD ;   Yungui Huang   ⁴ , MBA, PhD ;   Jina Huh-Yoo   ⁷ , MHCI, PhD ;   Junhan Kim   ⁸ , MEng ;   Rafal Kocielnik   ⁹ , PhD ;   Yi-Chieh Lee   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Lena Mamykina   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Elliot G Mitchell   ^{11, 12} , PhD ;   Robert J Moore   ¹³ , PhD ;   Prasanth Murali   ¹⁴ , MS ;   Elizabeth D Mynatt   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Sun Young Park   ^{8, 15} , PhD ;   Alessandro Pasta   ^{16, 17} , MSc, PhD ;   Deborah Richards   ¹⁸ , BBus, MAppSc, PhD ;   Lucas M Silva   ¹⁹ , MSc ;   Diva Smriti   ⁷ , MSc ;   Brendan Spillane   ²⁰ , PhD ;   Zhan Zhang   ²¹ , PhD ;   Tamara Zubatiy   ²²

¹ School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

² Centre for Health Informatics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

³ Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States

⁴ IT Research & Innovation, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States

⁵ Bold Insight UK, London, United Kingdom

⁶ College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States

⁷ College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁸ School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

⁹ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States

¹⁰ Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore

¹¹ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States

¹² Steele Institute for Health Innovation, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States

¹³ IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, CA, United States

¹⁴ Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States

¹⁵ School of Art and Design, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

¹⁶ Cognitive Systems Section, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

¹⁷ Demant A/S, Smørum, Denmark

¹⁸ School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

¹⁹ Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States

²⁰ ADAPT Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

²¹ School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York City, NY, United States

²² Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States

*these authors contributed equally