Long-term Effectiveness of mHealth Physical Activity Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Annette Mönninghoff   ^{1, 2} , MA ;   Jan Niklas Kramer   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Alexander Jan Hess   ^{3, 5} , MSc ;   Kamila Ismailova   ³ , MSc ;   Gisbert W Teepe   ⁶ , MSc ;   Lorainne Tudor Car   ^{7, 8} , MD ;   Falk Müller-Riemenschneider   ⁹ , MD ;   Tobias Kowatsch   ^{3, 6, 9, 10} , PhD

¹ Institute for Customer Insight, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

² Institute for Mobility, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

³ Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Institute of Technology Management, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

⁴ CSS Insurance, Lucerne, Switzerland

⁵ Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

⁶ Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

⁷ Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

⁸ School of Public Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

⁹ Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

¹⁰ Future Health Technologies Programme, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore