Features Constituting Actionable COVID-19 Dashboards: Descriptive Assessment and Expert Appraisal of 158 Public Web-Based COVID-19 Dashboards

Damir Ivanković   ^{1 *} , MD, MBA ;   Erica Barbazza   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Véronique Bos   ¹ , MA ;   Óscar Brito Fernandes   ^{1, 2} , MSc, MEd ;   Kendall Jamieson Gilmore   ³ , MSc ;   Tessa Jansen   ¹ , MPH, PhD ;   Pinar Kara   ^{4, 5} , MSc ;   Nicolas Larrain   ^{6, 7} , MA ;   Shan Lu   ⁸ , PhD ;   Bernardo Meza-Torres   ^{9, 10} , MSc, MD ;   Joko Mulyanto   ^{1, 11} , MSc, MD, PhD ;   Mircha Poldrugovac   ¹ , MSc, MD ;   Alexandru Rotar   ¹ , MSc, PhD ;   Sophie Wang   ^{6, 7} , MPH ;   Claire Willmington   ³ , MSc ;   Yuanhang Yang   ^{4, 5} , MSc ;   Zhamin Yelgezekova   ¹² , MSc ;   Sara Allin   ¹³ , MSc, PhD ;   Niek Klazinga   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Dionne Kringos   ¹ , MSc, PhD

¹ Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

² Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary

³ Laboratorio Management e Sanità, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

⁴ Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

⁶ OptiMedis AG, Hamburg, Germany

⁷ Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

⁸ School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

⁹ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom

¹⁰ Nuffield Department of Primary Care and Health Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

¹¹ Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia

¹² Independent Researcher, Minneapolis, MN, United States

¹³ Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

*these authors contributed equally