Patient Portal Barriers and Group Differences: Cross-Sectional National Survey Study

Kea Turner   ^{1 *} , MPH, MA, PhD ;   Alecia Clary   ^{2 *} , MSW, PhD ;   Young-Rock Hong   ³ , MPH, PhD ;   Amir Alishahi Tabriz   ^{4 *} , MPH, MD, PhD ;   Christopher M Shea   ^{5 *} , MA, MPA, PhD

¹ Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States

² Center for Healthcare Transformation, Avalere Health, Washington, DC, United States

³ Department of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States

⁴ Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

⁵ Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

*these authors contributed equally