Anxiety and Suicidal Thoughts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Country Comparative Study Among Indonesian, Taiwanese, and Thai University Students

Iqbal Pramukti   ^{1, 2 *} , PhD ;   Carol Strong   ^{3 *} , MPH, PhD ;   Yajai Sitthimongkol   ⁴ , PhD ;   Agus Setiawan   ⁵ , PhD ;   Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin   ⁶ , Psi, MSi, MPhil, MPsi, DPhil ;   Cheng-Fang Yen   ⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Chung-Ying Lin   ⁸ , PhD ;   Mark D Griffiths   ⁹ , PhD ;   Nai-Ying Ko   ^{2, 10} , PhD

¹ Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia

² International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

³ Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

⁴ Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

⁵ Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁶ Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Indonesia

⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital & School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

⁸ Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

⁹ International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom

¹⁰ Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

*these authors contributed equally