Published on in Vol 22 , No 12 (2020) :December

1 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , US
2 National Clinician Scholars Program , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , US
3 Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , US
4 Corporal Michael J Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Philadelphia , PA , US
5 Penn Medicine Predictive Healthcare , University of Pennsylvania Health System , Philadelphia , PA , US
6 Center for Healthcare Innovation , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , US
7 Department of Medicine , Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , US
8 Institute for Biomedical Informatics , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , US
*these authors contributed equally