Effect of Harm Anchors in Visual Displays of Test Results on Patient Perceptions of Urgency About Near-Normal Values: Experimental Study

Brian J Zikmund-Fisher   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Aaron M Scherer   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Holly O Witteman   ^{5, 6, 7, 8} , PhD ;   Jacob B Solomon   ³ , PhD ;   Nicole L Exe   ³ , MPH ;   Angela Fagerlin   ^{9, 10} , PhD

¹ Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

² Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

³ Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States

⁵ Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada

⁶ Office of Education and Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada

⁷ Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada

⁸ Laval University Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Services, Quebec City, QC, Canada

⁹ Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States

¹⁰ Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Center for Informatics Decision Enhancement and Surveillance, Salt Lake City, UT, United States