Improving the Understanding of Test Results by Substituting (Not Adding) Goal Ranges: Web-Based Between-Subjects Experiment

Aaron M Scherer   ¹ , PhD ;   Holly O Witteman   ^{2, 3, 4} , PhD ;   Jacob Solomon   ⁵ , PhD ;   Nicole L Exe   ⁵ , MPH ;   Angela Fagerlin   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Brian J Zikmund-Fisher   ^{5, 8, 9} , PhD

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States

² Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada

³ Office of Education and Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada

⁴ Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Research Centre of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada

⁵ Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

⁶ Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States

⁷ Salt Lake City VA Informatics Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center for Innovation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States

⁸ Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States