Twitter Sentiment Predicts Affordable Care Act Marketplace Enrollment

Charlene A Wong   ^{1, 2, 3} , MD ;   Maarten Sap   ^{2, 4} ;   Andrew Schwartz   ^{2, 4} , PhD ;   Robert Town   ^{3, 5, 6} , PhD ;   Tom Baker   ^{3, 7} , JD ;   Lyle Ungar   ^{2, 4} , PhD ;   Raina M Merchant   ^{1, 2, 3, 8} , MD,MSHP

¹ Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

² Penn Medicine Social Media and Health Innovation Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

³ Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁴ Computer & Information Science Department and Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁵ The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁶ National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, United States

⁷ Penn Law School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁸ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States