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Uncovering Social States in Healthy and Clinical Populations Using Digital Phenotyping and Hidden Markov Models: Observational Study

Uncovering Social States in Healthy and Clinical Populations Using Digital Phenotyping and Hidden Markov Models: Observational Study

Mathematically, given a sequence of observed variables xt and hidden states zt, at time t=1,...,T, the joint distribution for this model can be specified as follows: Overview of the hidden Markov model (HMM) approach showing the main processing and modeling steps involved in the method. (A) The Behapp app was installed and collected data passively. (B) These data were processed into activity bins. (C) The HMM was trained on the binned hourly time series.

Imogen E Leaning, Andrea Costanzo, Raj Jagesar, Lianne M Reus, Pieter Jelle Visser, Martien J H Kas, Christian F Beckmann, Henricus G Ruhé, Andre F Marquand

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e64007

Sex Differences in the Variability of Physical Activity Measurements Across Multiple Timescales Recorded by a Wearable Device: Observational Retrospective Cohort Study

Sex Differences in the Variability of Physical Activity Measurements Across Multiple Timescales Recorded by a Wearable Device: Observational Retrospective Cohort Study

Longitudinal plot of a representative 3-week interval of minute-level metabolic equivalent of task (MET) data (left) from (A) 1 female individual (F, blue) and (B) 1 male individual (M, red), with the histogram of the MET values for each separated by awake (light) and asleep (dark) values (right). MET values were examined at minute-level resolution.

Kristin J Varner, Lauryn Keeler Bruce, Severine Soltani, Wendy Hartogensis, Stephan Dilchert, Frederick M Hecht, Anoushka Chowdhary, Leena Pandya, Subhasis Dasgupta, Ilkay Altintas, Amarnath Gupta, Ashley E Mason, Benjamin L Smarr

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e66231

Technology-Based HIV Prevention Interventions for Men Who Have Sex With Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Technology-Based HIV Prevention Interventions for Men Who Have Sex With Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In a robust version of this hierarchical model, we specified the true study effects as arising from a t-distribution (with estimated df) to increase robustness against potential outliers. We chose vaguely informative default priors for all model parameters and conducted prior sensitivity analyses. Multimedia Appendix 4 [20] provides more details. All models were estimated using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling [30].

Wenting Huang, Daniel Stegmueller, Jason J Ong, Susan Schlueter Wirtz, Kunru Ning, Yuqing Wang, Guodong Mi, Fei Yu, Chenglin Hong, Jessica M Sales, Yufen Liu, Stefan D Baral, Patrick S Sullivan, Aaron J Siegler

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e63111