Exploring Methods to Mitigate Fraud in Web-Based Surveys: Multicase Study Analysis

Madeleine Ennis   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Regina-Maria Renner   ^{1 *} , MD, MPH ;   Claudia Morando-Stokoe   ² , BHSc ;   Sharon James   ² , BN, Grad.Dip.OHSN, MPH, PhD ;   Patricia A Janssen   ³ , RN, BSN, MPH, PhD ;   Sara Leckie   ³ , BSc, MSc ;   Sheila Dunn   ^{4, 5} , MD, MSc ;   Danielle Mazza   ² , MD ;   Wendy V Norman   ⁶ , MD, MHSc

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

² SPHERE Centre of Research Excellence in Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health in Primary Care, Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

³ School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

⁴ Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁵ Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁶ Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

*these authors contributed equally