Perspectives on App-Assisted Self-Testing Using Rapid Diagnostic Tests Among Community Members, Health Care Providers, and Public Health Leaders in Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia: Qualitative Study

Anjali Sharma   ^{1, 2} , ScD ;   Chanda Mwamba   ¹ , MPhil ;   Patricia Maritim   ³ , MPH ;   Hilton Humphries   ⁴ , MA, PhD ;   Zachary Kwena   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Derek Pollard   ⁷ , MPhil ;   Gabrielle O’Malley   ² , MA, PhD ;   Shawna Cooper   ⁸ , BPH ;   Meagan Bemer   ² , MSc ;   Elizabeth Anne Bukusi   ^{2, 9} , MPH, PhD ;   Amber Lauff   ² , MPH ;   Lenika Naiken   ⁴ , MBA ;   Thandanani Madonsela   ⁴ , MBChB ;   Jennifer Faith Morton   ² , MPH, MSW ;   Dino Rech   ^{10, 11} , MBA, MD ;   Norton Sang   ⁹ , MA ;   Ayanda Tshazi   ⁴ , MA ;   Alastair van Heerden   ⁴ , PhD ;   Anna Winters   ¹² , PhD ;   Paul K Drain   ^{2, 13, 14} , MPH, MD

¹ Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia

² Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

³ Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Zambia School of Public Health, Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia

⁴ Human Sciences Research Council, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

⁵ Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

⁶ Department of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

⁷ Akros, Lusaka, Zambia

⁸ Audere, Seattle, WA, United States

⁹ Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

¹⁰ Audere, Johannesburg, South Africa

¹¹ Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, United States

¹² Akros, Missoula, MT, United States

¹³ School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

¹⁴ Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States