Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

1 Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hospital Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
2 Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
3 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Outcomes and Informatics Collaborative, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
4 Department of Anesthesiology, Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, United States
5 Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
6 Corewell Health Frederik Meijer Heart & Vascular Institute, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States