Factors Associated With the Availability of Virtual Consultations in Primary Care Across 20 Countries: Cross-Sectional Study

Gabriele Kerr   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Geva Greenfield   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Edmond Li   ^{1, 3} , MBChB ;   Thomas Beaney   ¹ , MBBS ;   Benedict W J Hayhoe   ^{1, 2} , MBBS ;   Josip Car   ^{1, 4} , PhD ;   Ana Clavería   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Claire Collins   ^{7, 8} , PhD ;   Gustavo Gusso   ⁹ , PhD ;   Robert D Hoffman   ¹⁰ , MD ;   Geronimo Jimenez   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Tuomas H Koskela   ^{12, 13} , MD ;   Liliana Laranjo   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Heidrun Lingner   ¹⁵ , MD ;   Ensieh Memarian   ¹⁶ , PhD ;   Katarzyna Nessler   ¹⁷ , PhD ;   Davorina Petek   ¹⁸ , PhD ;   Rosy Tsopra   ^{19, 20} , MD, PhD ;   Azeem Majeed   ^{1, 2} , MBBS ;   Ana Luisa Neves   ^{1, 2} , PhD

¹ Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

² NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London, London, United Kingdom

³ Institute of Global Health Innovation, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

⁴ School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

⁵ Primary Care Research Unit, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Vigo, Spain

⁶ I-Saúde Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain

⁷ Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland

⁸ Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

¹⁰ Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

¹¹ Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

¹² Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

¹³ The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland

¹⁴ Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

¹⁵ Center for Public Health and Healthcare, Department of Medical Psychology Unit 5430, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

¹⁶ Internal Medicine Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

¹⁷ Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

¹⁸ Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

¹⁹ Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité & Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

²⁰ Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Medical Informatics, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou et Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France