Association of Smartwatch-Based Heart Rate and Physical Activity With Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measures in the Community: Cohort Study

Yuankai Zhang   ¹ , MA ;   Xuzhi Wang   ¹ , MS ;   Chathurangi H Pathiravasan   ¹ , PhD ;   Nicole L Spartano   ² , PhD ;   Honghuang Lin   ³ , PhD ;   Belinda Borrelli   ⁴ , PhD ;   Emelia J Benjamin   ^{5, 6} , ScM, MD ;   David D McManus   ^{7, 8} , ScM, MD ;   Martin G Larson   ^{1, 5} , SD ;   Ramachandran S Vasan   ^{5, 6} , MD ;   Ravi V Shah   ⁹ , MD ;   Gregory D Lewis   ^{10, 11} , MD ;   Chunyu Liu   ¹ , PhD ;   Joanne M Murabito   ^{5, 12 *} , ScM, MD ;   Matthew Nayor   ^{13 *} , MPH, MD

¹ Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States

² Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States

³ Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States

⁴ Center for Behavioral Science Research, Department of Health Policy & Health Services Research, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States

⁵ Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States

⁶ Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States

⁷ Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States

⁸ Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States

⁹ Cardiology Division, Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States

¹⁰ Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

¹¹ Pulmonary Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

¹² Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States

¹³ Sections of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States

*these authors contributed equally