Digital Exclusion and Cognitive Function in Elderly Populations in Developing Countries: Insights Derived From 2 Longitudinal Cohort Studies

Sainan Duan   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , MD ;   Dongxu Chen   ^{1, 2 *} , PhD ;   Jinping Wang   ^{3, 4} , MD ;   Mohammed Sharooq Paramboor   ^{1, 2, 3} , MD ;   Zhen Xia   ⁵ , MD ;   Wanting Xu   ⁶ , MD ;   Kun Han   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Tao Zhu   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Xiaoqin Jiang   ^{1, 2} , MD

¹ Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

² Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China

³ Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

⁴ The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

⁵ West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

⁶ Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China

*these authors contributed equally