Published on in Vol 25 (2023)
1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
2 School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
3 School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
4 Veteran’s Affairs Connecticut Health Care System, Pain, Research, Informatics, Multi-morbidities Education Center, West Haven, CT, United States
5 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
6 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
7 Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
8 Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
9 Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States