Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of a Stratified Blended Physiotherapy Intervention Compared With Face-to-Face Physiotherapy in Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Tjarco Koppenaal   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD, PT ;   Johanna M van Dongen   ^{4, 5} , PhD ;   Corelien JJ Kloek   ^{2, 6} , PhD, PT ;   Remco M Arensman   ^{2, 3} , MSc, PT ;   Cindy Veenhof   ^{2, 3, 6} , PhD, PT ;   Martijn F Pisters   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD, PT ;   Raymond WJG Ostelo   ^{5, 7} , PhD, PT

¹ Research Group Empowering Healthy Behaviour, Department of Health Innovations and Technology, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, Netherlands

² Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care, Julius Health Care Centers, Utrecht, Netherlands

³ Physical Therapy Research, Department of Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Science and Sport, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

⁴ Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands

⁵ Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

⁶ Research Group Innovation of Human Movement Care, Research Center Healthy and Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands

⁷ Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands