Internet-Based Self-Assessment for Symptoms of Internet Use Disorder—Impact of Gender, Social Aspects, and Symptom Severity: German Cross-sectional Study

Jan Dieris-Hirche   ¹ , MD ;   Laura Bottel   ¹ , MSc ;   Stephan Herpertz   ¹ , Prof Dr ;   Nina Timmesfeld   ² , Prof Dr ;   Bert Theodor te Wildt   ^{1, 3} , Prof Dr ;   Klaus Wölfling   ⁴ , Dr sc hum ;   Peter Henningsen   ⁵ , Prof Dr ;   Anja Neumann   ⁶ , Prof Dr, MD ;   Rainer Beckers   ⁷ , MA, MPH ;   Magdalena Pape   ¹ , MSc

¹ Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

² Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

³ Psychosomatic Hospital Diessen Monastery, Diessen, Germany

⁴ Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

⁵ Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

⁶ Institute for Health Care Management and Research, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

⁷ Competence Centre of Healthcare Telematics, Hagen, Germany